Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for and zero-order bivariate intercorrelations among key study variables.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Key Study Variables
1. CENES-Minimizing Reaction (Mother Recalled at Prenatal Wave)	‐‐‐‐
2. CENES-Punitive Reaction (Mother Recalled at Prenatal Wave)	.672	‐‐‐‐
3. CENES-Distress Reaction (Mother Recalled at Prenatal Wave)	.664	.717	‐‐‐‐
4. ECR-Avoidance (Mother Self-Report at 6-Month & 1-Year Waves)	.245	.164	.193	‐‐‐‐
5. ECR-Anxiety (Mother Self-Report at 6-Month & 1-Year Waves)	.194	.240	.211	.416	‐‐‐‐
6. AAI-Continuous Score (Coherence of Mind) (Interviewed at Prenatal Wave)	−.021	−.044	−.034	−.092	.030	‐‐‐‐
7. Toddler Negative Affect when Interacting with Mother (Observed at 2-Year Wave)	.146	.116	.111	.019	−.033	−.129	‐‐‐‐
8. Maternal Self-Efficacy in Managing Toddler Distress (Video-Based Self-Rating at 2-Year Wave)	−.060	.026	.080	−.236	−.173	.118	−.083	‐‐‐‐
Key Covariates
Child Sex (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)a	−.003	−.031	−.025	.085	−.015	−.039	.128	.025
Maternal Age in Years (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)	.017	.045	.010	−.209	−.036	.218	−.109	.174
Maternal Race (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)b	.097	.001	.095	.282	.040	−.254	.119	−.005
Maternal Education (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)c	−.072	−.053	−.040	−.248	−.082	.398	−.198	.185
Maternal Prior Experience with Infant (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)	−.046	.013	−.081	−.040	−.132	−.128	.018	.103
Family Income-to-Needs Ratio (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)	−.135	−.038	−.115	−.241	−.036	.232	−.148	.128
ECR-Avoidance (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)	.234	.085	.221	.689	.288	−.103	.071	−.205
ECR-Anxiety (Mother Self-Report at Prenatal Wave)	.239	.264	.249	.323	.663	.046	.072	−.125
ECR-Avoidance (Mother Self-Report at 2-Year Wave)	.197	.112	.153	.634	.356	−.186	.006	−.241
ECR-Anxiety (Mother Self-Report at 2-Year Wave)	.147	.188	.120	.319	.624	−.060	.035	−.121
Mean	3.147	2.929	2.631	2.541	3.026	5.313	4.188	3.577
Standard Deviation	1.217	1.194	1.274	1.134	1.033	1.460	.262	.396

Notes. n ranges from 186 to 259 given missing data for some variables. n represents the number of participants for each pair of zero-order correlation. CENES = Childhood Experience of Non-Supportive Emotion Socialization, ECR = Experiences in Close Relationships scale, AAI = Adult Attachment Interview. The italic correlation values indicate significance with p < .05 (2-tailed), whereas the bolded correlation values indicate significance with p < .01 (2-tailed). The reported correlations between binary variables (i.e., child sex and maternal race) and continuous variables were the Point-Biserial correlations and correlations among binary variables were the tetrachoric correlations.

^a.The codes for child sex: 1 = male, 2 = female.

^b.The codes for maternal race: 1 = European American, 2 = African American.

^c.The codes for maternal education: 1 = Some high school, 2 = high school or GED, 3 = some college, 4 = 2-year college degree, 5 = 4-year college degree, 6 = postgraduate work, and 7 = graduate degree.