Table 1.
Summary of known chloroplast RNA protectors and their targets.
| Name | Organism | Domain | Target(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AtBFA2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | PPR | atpF–atpA IGR | Zhang et al., 2019 |
| AtCRP1; ZmCRP1 | A. thaliana; Zea mays | PPR | petB–petD IGR; psaC 5′ UTR; petA 5′ UTR | Ferrari et al., 2017; Fisk et al., 1999; Schmitz-Linneweber et al., 2005 |
| AtHCF152 | A. thaliana | PPR | psbH–petB IGR; petB 5′ UTR; psbH 3′ UTR | Nakamura et al., 2003, 2004 |
| AtPGR3; ZmPGR3 | A. thaliana; Z. mays | PPR | petL 5′ UTR; rpl14–rps8 IGR; ndhA 5′ UTR | Cai et al., 2011; Rojas et al., 2018; Yamazaki et al., 2004 |
| AtPPR5; ZmPPR5 | A. thaliana; Z. mays | PPR | trnG (UCC) intron | Beick et al., 2008 |
| AtSVR7; ZmATP4 | A. thaliana; Z. mays | PPR | atpF–atpA IGR; psaJ–rpl33 IGR; atpB/E 5′ UTR | Zoschke et al., 2012, 2013b |
| ZmPPR10 | Z. mays | PPR | atpH 5′ UTR; psaJ 3′ UTR | Pfalz et al., 2009; Prikryl et al., 2011 |
| PpPPR_21 | Physcomitrium patens | PPR | psbI–ycf12 5′ UTR | Ebihara et al., 2019 |
| PpPPR_38 | P. patens | PPR | clpP–rps12 IGR | Hattori et al., 2007; Hattori and Sugita, 2009 |
| AtCRR2 | A. thaliana | PLS-class PPR-DYW | rps7-ndhB IGR | Hashimoto et al., 2003 |
| AtEMB175; ZmPPR103 | A. thaliana; Z. mays | PLS-class PPR-DYW | rpl16 5′ UTR | Hammani et al., 2016 |
| AtSOT1; ZmPPR53 | A. thaliana; Z. mays | PPR-SMR | rrn23 5′ end; ndhA 5′ UTR | Li et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2017; Zoschke et al., 2016 |
| AtBSF; ZmBSF | A. thaliana; Z. mays | S1 domain | petB–petD IGR; petA 5′ UTR | Jiang et al., 2019 |
| 28RNP | Spinacea oleracea | RRM motif | psbA, rbcL, petD, rps14 3′ UTRs | Schuster and Gruissem, 1991 |
| AtCP31A | A. thaliana | RRM motif | 3′ ends of psbB, psbD, psaA/B, atpB, ndhB, and ndhF | Kupsch et al., 2012; Tillich et al., 2009 |
| AtCP29A | A. thaliana | RRM motif | 3′ ends of psbB, psbD, psaA/B, atpB, and ndhB | Kupsch et al., 2012 |
| AtCP33A | A. thaliana | RRM motif | multiple transcripts in chloroplasts | Teubner et al., 2017 |
| AtHCF107; ZmHCF107 | A. thaliana; Z. mays | HAT (half a TPR) | psbH 5′ UTR | Hammani et al., 2012; Sane et al., 2005 |
| AtHCF145; PpHCF145 | A. thaliana; P. patens | TMR domain; SRPBCC domain | psaA 5′ UTR | Lezhneva and Meurer, 2004; Manavski et al., 2015 |
| AtPrfB1/AtHCF109 | A. thaliana | ribosomal release factor; SPF and GGQ motifs | transcripts with UGA stop codons | Meurer et al., 2002 |
| AtPrfB3 | A. thaliana | homologous to PrfB1 | petB 3′ UTR | Stoppel et al., 2011 |
IGR, intergenic region