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. 2023 Sep 15;27:86. doi: 10.1186/s40824-023-00422-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — GelMA/CGMA hybrid hydrogels incorporated with DFO/Eth that couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis for vascularized bone regeneration. a Graphic description of the 3D bioprinting and experimental procedures of the Eth-DFO @GelMA/GGMA hydrogel scaffold. b The suitability and 3D bioprinting process of the hydrogel scaffold. c In vitro angiogenic abilities of HUVECs with different hydrogel scaffolds. d In vitro osteogenic abilities of different hydrogel scaffolds. e Vascularized bone formation induced by the Eth-DFO@GelMA/GGMA hydrogel scaffold in a rat skull defect model at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. Images reproduced from [29], © 2022 Elsevier Ltd