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. 2023 Sep 15;21:627. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04440-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — SIRT1 activation by SCIC2.1 promotes ATP production and antioxidant response upon glucose starvation. Mitochondrial respiratory parameters following glucose deprivation and bioenergetic parameters associated with SCIC2.1 treatment, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of HepG2 cells: a Glucose (25 mM) exposure followed by the treatment with SCIC2.1. b Glucose (5 mM) exposure followed by treatment with SCIC2.1. Histograms show the different parameters (ATP Production, Maximal Respiration, Spare Respiratory Capacity). c Western blot analysis of FOXO3a, NOX2, UCP2, and SOD2 performed in HepG2 cells treated with SCIC2.1 and Ex-527 at the indicated concentrations and time points. Heat map showing band quantification of protein expression determined by ImageJ software. Error bars represent the SD of three biological replicates. Statistical significance was calculated using the student t-test or one-way ANOVA using GraphPad Prism 9.4.0, and statistical significance is expressed as *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01, and ***p-value < 0.001 vs control.