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. 2023 Feb 17;192(6):972–986. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwad035

Table 1.

Instruments Included in COVID-19 Participant Experience Surveys, United States, 2020–2021

Full Instruments Deployed Scaled Instruments Deployed New Questions Deployed
Henry Ford Social Distancing Survey CDC/NIH Common Data Element Bank All of Us Research Program “The Basics” survey
Impact of Event Scale–6, based on IES-Revised Optimism: Life Orientation Test–Revised All of Us Research Program “Overall Health” survey
RAND Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey Instrument Coronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology Consortium Tool All of Us Research Program “Lifestyle” survey
Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 UK Biobank Mental Health and Well-being Questionnaire
Patient Health Questionnaire–9 Columbia COVID-19 Questionnaire
Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale International Physical Activity Questionnaires
Brief Resilient Coping Scale UCLA Loneliness Scale
Everyday Discrimination Scale Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Concise
Texas Christian University Drug Screen 5

Abbreviations: CDC, Centers for Disease Control; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IES, Impact of Event Scale; NIH, National Institutes of Health; UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles.