Table 1.
Geometric Mean Baseline Cardiovascular Biomarker Levels According to Sociodemographic, Health, and Lifestyle Characteristics Among Reproductive-Age Women in the BioCycle Study, New York, 2005–2007
| Overall Sample (n = 259) | CRP a , b (n = 255) | LDL a (n = 255) | HDL a (n = 255) | Triglycerides a (n = 255) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic orLifestyle Characteristic | No. | % | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | 95% CI |
| Age group, years | ||||||||||
| 18–22 | 107 | 41 | 0.7 | 0.55, 0.83 | 92.9 | 88.4, 97.6 | 48.7 | 46.5, 51.0 | 52.5 | 48.5, 56.9 |
| 23–29 | 68 | 26 | 0.7 | 0.56, 0.97 | 98.3 | 93.2, 103.6 | 48.5 | 46.0, 51.1 | 47.7 | 43.3, 52.6 |
| 30–39 | 51 | 20 | 1.2 | 0.87, 1.56 | 101.4 | 94.7, 108.5 | 48.6 | 45.8, 51.6 | 59.8 | 52.6, 68.0 |
| ≥40 | 33 | 13 | 1.2 | 0.85, 1.66 | 111.8 | 100.8, 124.0 | 50.9 | 46.9, 55.3 | 58.1 | 49.5, 68.2 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White | 154 | 59 | 1.0 | 0.81, 1.12 | 98.5 | 94.6, 102.5 | 50.4 | 48.4, 51.9 | 55.7 | 52.5, 59.7 |
| Black | 51 | 20 | 0.7 | 0.50, 1.06 | 97.5 | 89.1, 105.6 | 47.5 | 44.3, 50.9 | 43.4 | 39.3, 48.4 |
| Otherc | 54 | 21 | 0.6 | 0.46, 0.79 | 98.5 | 92.8, 104.6 | 46.5 | 44.3, 49.4 | 55.1 | 48.9, 61.6 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Less than high school | 33 | 13 | 1.2 | 0.72, 1.43 | 102.0 | 92.1, 113.0 | 45.7 | 41.6, 50.2 | 59.6 | 51.5, 69.1 |
| High school or higher | 226 | 87 | 0.8 | 0.69, 0.93 | 97.6 | 94.5, 100.9 | 49.3 | 47.9, 50.8 | 52.3 | 49.5, 55.4 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married | 66 | 25 | 1.1 | 0.87, 1.45 | 103.8 | 97.3, 110.8 | 51.3 | 48.5, 54.4 | 55.7 | 50.4, 61.6 |
| Unmarried | 193 | 75 | 0.7 | 0.64, 0.87 | 96.3 | 93.0, 99.8 | 48.1 | 46.6, 49.7 | 52.3 | 49.2, 55.7 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 249 | 96 | 0.8 | 0.72, 0.94 | 98.2 | 95.1, 101.4 | 48.8 | 47.4, 50.3 | 53.0 | 50.3, 55.9 |
| Current smoker | 10 | 4 | 1.0 | 0.40, 2.25 | 96.9 | 81.4, 115.2 | 50.4 | 43.8, 57.9 | 56.1 | 35.7, 88.1 |
| Body mass indexd | ||||||||||
| <25.0 | 167 | 65 | 0.6 | 0.51, 0.68 | 95.6 | 92.3, 99.0 | 50.0 | 48.3, 51.7 | 50.2 | 47.1, 53.4 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 66 | 25 | 1.4 | 1.08, 1.81 | 101.7 | 94.6, 109.3 | 47.3 | 44.7, 50.1 | 58.7 | 52.8, 65.3 |
| ≥30.0 | 26 | 10 | 2.2 | 1.56, 3.16 | 108.0 | 95.3, 122.3 | 45.8 | 40.9, 51.3 | 61.8 | 51.1, 74.8 |
| Physical activitye | ||||||||||
| Low | 25 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.48, 1.46 | 95.7 | 84.0, 108.9 | 48.2 | 43.4, 53.4 | 50.6 | 43.6, 58.8 |
| Moderate | 92 | 35 | 0.7 | 0.60, 0.92 | 102.6 | 98.1, 107.4 | 48.9 | 46.7, 51.1 | 54.8 | 50.2, 59.9 |
| High | 142 | 55 | 0.9 | 0.74, 1.06 | 95.7 | 91.6, 99.9 | 49.0 | 47.2, 51.0 | 52.5 | 48.8, 56.5 |
| Shift work | ||||||||||
| Yes | 86 | 36 | 0.8 | 0.75, 1.07 | 94.7 | 89.5, 100.2 | 49.8 | 47.2, 52.6 | 54.1 | 49.1, 59.6 |
| No | 156 | 64 | 0.9 | 0.60, 0.96 | 99.9 | 95.9, 104.1 | 48.5 | 46.7, 50.4 | 52.8 | 49.2, 56.7 |
| Daily caffeine intake, mgf | ||||||||||
| <31 | 82 | 33 | 0.7 | 0.58,0.93 | 100.4 | 95.8,105.3 | 43.4 | 41,6, 45.4 | 55.7 | 50.8, 60.9 |
| 32–114 | 83 | 34 | 0.8 | 0.64, 1.00 | 95.8 | 90.2, 101.7 | 52.1 | 49.6, 54.7 | 50.0 | 46.1, 54.3 |
| 117–955 | 82 | 33 | 1.0 | 0.78, 1.27 | 98.2 | 92.8, 103.9 | 51.3 | 49.0, 53.8 | 53.9 | 48.7, 9.6 |
| CES-D scoreg | ||||||||||
| <16 | 229 | 92 | 0.9 | 0.46, 1.59 | 99.1 | 95.9, 102.4 | 49.1 | 47.6, 50.6 | 53.7 | 50.8, 56.7 |
| ≥16 | 19 | 8 | 0.8 | 0.72, 0.95 | 87.2 | 76.8, 99.2 | 48.3 | 43.6, 53.6 | 46.3 | 37.6, 56.9 |
Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
a Geometric mean.
b CRP ≤ 8.42 mg/L. This CRP level indicates absence of clinically evident inflammation.
c Other = American Indian, Asian Indian, Chinese/other Asian, Pacific Islander, or unspecified.
d Body mass index was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2.
e The International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
f Tertiles of mean caffeine at baseline.
g CES-D score ≥16 indicates identifies individuals at risk for clinical depression.