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. 2023 Sep 4;9(9):1500–1513. doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01478-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, Model of GSA control in the lateral root in which phosphorylated PIN3 and PIN7 mediate upward, antigravitropic auxin flux from columella cells, while unphosphorylated PIN3 and PIN7 mediate downward, gravitropic auxin transport. In addition to regulating cell elongation further back along the root, auxin also positively regulates levels of the PIN phosphatase subunit RCN1, thereby diminishing the magnitude of AGO. This causes the equilibrium between angle-dependent gravitropic- and angle-independent antigravitropic auxin flux to occur at a more vertical setpoint angle. b, Tropic response to displacement either above or below GSA is driven by angle-dependent changes in downward gravitropic auxin flux acting in tension with a more constant, angle-independent upward antigravitropic auxin flux. The thickness of red and green arrows signifies relative auxin flux.