Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Sep 18;8:355. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01578-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Roxaduatat (Rox) inhibits morphine (Mor)- and methamphetamine (METH)- induced CPP acquisition and expression. a The paradigm of morphine- and METH-induced CPP formation and expression. In the CPP acquisition test, the mouse was treated with Rox or Vad in the conditioning phase; In the CPP expression test, mouse received a single injection of Rox 6 h before postconditioning test. b 6 h pretreatment with Rox inhibited Mor-CPP acquisition as indicated by reduction in CPP scores as compared with Mor group (Veh, n = 13; Mor, n = 15; Rox 2.5+Mor, n = 14; Rox 5+Mor, n = 14; Rox 10+Mor, n = 13; group, F(4,64) = 4.790, P = 0.0019). c 6 h pretreatment with Vadadustat (Vad, 10 mg/kg) inhibited Mor-CPP acquisition as indicated by reduction in CPP scores (Veh-Sal, n = 10; Veh-Mor, n = 10; Vad+Sal, n = 11; Vad+Mor, n = 11; group, F_(1,38) = 16.92, P = 0.0002; drug, F_(1,38) = 7.483, P = 0.0094; group × drug, F_(1,38) = 2.701, P = 0.1085). d 6 h pretreatment with Rox (10 mg/kg) inhibited METH-CPP acquisition as indicated by reduction in CPP scores (Veh-Sal, n = 11; Veh-METH, n = 9; Rox+Sal, n = 12; Rox+METH, n = 15; group, F_(1,43) = 4.867, P = 0.0328; drug, F_(1,43) = 8.431, P = 0.0058; group × drug, F_(1,43) = 4.279, P = 0.0446). e A single injection of Rox (10 mg/kg, 6 h pretreatment) inhibited Mor-CPP expression as indicated by reduction in CPP scores (Veh, n = 16; Mor, n = 15; Rox, n = 15; group, F_(2,40) = 5.808, P = 0.0061). Values are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical analyses for b, e and c, d were performed using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-corrected tests, respectively. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01^. Veh: vehicle; Sal: saline