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. 2023 Sep 18;8:355. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01578-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Local infusion of Rox selectively attenuates Mor-CPP acquisition and knockdown of HIF-1α abolishes Rox efficiency on Mor-CPP. Bilateral cannulae was implanted into PFC, NAc (shell), STR and HIP 7 days prior to CPP performance, respectively. a Local infusion of Rox (20 μmol/L, 2 μL per site) for 2 h dose-dependently upregulated HIF-1α expression in PFC (n = 3, F_(5,12) = 4.451, P = 0.0159). b–e Local infusion of Rox 2 h before Mor injection every day in conditioning phase inhibited Mor-CPP acquisition in following brain regions: PFC (Veh-Sal, n = 10; Veh-Mor, n = 13; Rox-Sal, n = 9; Rox-Mor, n = 14; group, F_(1,42) = 21.97, P < 0.0001; drug, F_(1,42) = 4.694, P = 0.0360; group × drug, F_(1,42) = 2.631, P = 0.1122); NAc (shell) (Veh-Sal, n = 12; Veh-Mor, n = 15; Rox-Sal, n = 12; Rox-Mor, n = 14; group, F_(1,49) = 21.05, P < 0.0001; drug, F_(1,49) = 2.981, P = 0.0905; group × drug, F_(1,49) = 4.043, P = 0.0499); and STR (Veh-Sal, n = 10; Veh-Mor, n = 11; Rox-Sal, n = 10; Rox-Mor, n = 12; group, F_(1,39) = 19.69, P < 0.0001; drug, F_(1,39) = 2.719, P = 0.1072; group × drug, F_(1,39) = 8.609, P = 0.0056) as indicated by reduction in CPP scores; no effect of Rox in HIP (Veh-Sal, n = 12; Veh-Mor, n = 14; Rox-Sal, n = 11; Rox-Mor, n = 14; group, F_(1,47) = 39.28, P < 0.0001; drug, F_(1,47) = 0.5163, P = 0.4760; group × drug, F_(1,47) = 0.0995, P = 0.7538). f The paradigm of Mor-CPP in AAV-infection mice. AAV9-hSyn-EGFP- NC and neuronal specific AAV9-hSyn-EGFP-shHIF-1α were injected into PFC 21 days before CPP performance, Rox (20 μmol/L, 2 μL per site) was injected 2 h before morphine injection every day in conditioning phase. g Knockdown of HIF-1α abolished Rox efficiency in inhibiting Mor-CPP acquisition (NC-Veh-Mor, n = 10; sh-HIF-1α-Veh-Mor, n = 10; NC-Rox+Mor, n = 9; sh-HIF-1α-Rox+Mor, n = 11; group, F_(1,36) = 3.829, P = 0.0581; drug, F_(1,36) = 7.412, P = 0.0099; group × drug, F_(1,36) = 4.404, P = 0.0429). Values are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical analysis for a, and for b-e and g were performed using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-corrected tests, respectively. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; NS: not significant