Table 3.

The participants' values of anthropometric and biochemical parameters before and after the study

Vitamin D (n = 18)

Omega-3 (n = 20)

Vitamin D + Omega-3 (n = 20)

Placebo (n = 18)

Parameters

Before

After

P-value

Before

After

P-value

Before

After

P-value

Before

After

P-value

Weight (Kg)

66.56 $\pm$ 22.22

66.34 $\pm$ 22.39

0.55

66.71 $\pm$ 15.72

66.74 $\pm$ 14.86

0.34

63.18 $\pm$ 6.78

62.86 $\pm$ 6.41

0.16

65.30 $\pm$ 19.66

65.14 $\pm$ 19.17

0.28

BMI (kg/m2)

25.47 $\pm$ 8.08

25.39 $\pm$ 8.14

0.64

25.36 $\pm$ 4.97

25.21 $\pm$ 4.72

0.14

24.85 $\pm$ 2.62

24.73 $\pm$ 2.48

0.06

25.49 $\pm$ 6.35

25.38 $\pm$ 6.09

0.36

WC (cm)

91.26 $\pm$ 18.54

89.73 $\pm$ 19.23

0.005

89.00 $\pm$ 12.33

87.52 $\pm$ 10.83

0.04

90.43 $\pm$ 6.59

89.71 $\pm$ 6.27

0.006

90.05 $\pm$ 15.50

91.47 $\pm$ 15.28

0.20

TG (mg/dl)

119.66 $\pm$ 81.28

111.86 $\pm$ 69.00

0.17

112.94 $\pm$ 30.93

97.58 $\pm$ 24.15

0.11

113.87 $\pm$ 30.11

96.06 $\pm$ 28.74

0.10

118.50 $\pm$ 40.68

126.14 $\pm$ 32.32

0.21

TC (mg/dl)

174.53 $\pm$ 29.60

158.06 $\pm$ 24.50

0.04

161.11 $\pm$ 34.9

133.64 $\pm$ 37.93

0.02

168.87 $\pm$ 28.54

129.93 $\pm$ 27.22

0.01

169.78 $\pm$ 28.31

178.64 $\pm$ 32.78

0.39

HDL_C (mg/dl)

31.04 $\pm$ 4.69

32.53 $\pm$ 5.86

0.38

32.00 $\pm$ 6.47

32.48 $\pm$ 6.38

0.90

33.50 $\pm$ 3.26

34.06 $\pm$ 5.13

0.19

33.61 $\pm$ 3.75

33.22 $\pm$ 6.40

0.08

LDL_C (mg/dl)

99.66 $\pm$ 32.97

92.33 $\pm$ 23.92

0.21

103.64 $\pm$ 23.86

95.76 $\pm$ 25.03

0.17

99.31 $\pm$ 33.05

92.50 $\pm$ 19.31

0.21

96.37 $\pm$ 22.42

92.14 $\pm$ 27.51

0.26

FBS (mg/dl)

105.23 $\pm$ 7.08

98.47 $\pm$ 6.86

0.09

109.81 $\pm$ 5.21

100.02 $\pm$ 9.32

0.06

106.83 $\pm$ 9.44

94.23 $\pm$ 8.98

0.06

102.17 $\pm$ 6.57

107.15 $\pm$ 6.64

0.12

Serum insulin (mIU/L)

36.01 $\pm$ 15.88

22.26 $\pm$ 6.34

0.004

38.79 $\pm$ 25.55

21.34 $\pm$ 2.34

0.01

40.14 $\pm$ 13.46

20.98 $\pm$ 6.46

0.002

40.55 $\pm$ 5.12

38.62 $\pm$ 17.69

0.13

HOMA $-$ IR

8.80 $\pm$ 3.22

4.82 $\pm$ 3.55

0.03

7.19 $\pm$ 4.64

4.88 $\pm$ 1.38

0.04

7.94 $\pm$ 2.36

4.01 $\pm$ 1.50

0.04

9.63 $\pm$ 1.25

9.36 $\pm$ 1.47

0.29

SHBG (ng/dl)

119.08 $\pm$ 50.10

136.87 $\pm$ 98.96

0.03

114.62 $\pm$ 74.96

129.25 $\pm$ 102.10

0.01

109.37 $\pm$ 33.24

144.82 $\pm$ 90.55

0.007

113.21 $\pm$ 55.94

104.24 $\pm$ 63.10

0.51

Data expressed as Mean $\pm$ SD. Wilcoxon test. BMI: Body mass index, WC: Waist circumference, TG: Triglyceride, TC: Total cholesterol, HDL_C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL_C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBS: Fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, SHBG: Sex hormone binding globulin