Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Overall (n = 106) | BEV (n = 68) | SEV (n = 38) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 74.6 ± 8.8 | 75.3 ± 8.7 | 0.670 | |
| Male sex | 69/106 (65%) | 49/68 (72.1%) | 20/38 (52.6%) | 0.044 |
| BMI | 28.8 ± 11.3 | 25.6 ± 5.2 | 0.100 | |
| Pulmonary disease | 10/106 (9.4%) | 7/68 (10.3%) | 3/38 (7.9%) | 0.685 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.620 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 45/106 (42.5%) | 33/68 (48.5%) | 12/38 (31.6%) | 0.090 |
| Natriuretic peptide, ng/ml | 3,785 ± 6,492 | 3,113 ± 3,497 | 0.625 | |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 6/106 (5.7%) | 4/68 (5.9%) | 2/38 (5.3%) | 0.895 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5/106 (4.7%) | 5/68 (7.4%) | 0/38 (0%) | 0.083 |
| Prior TIA or stroke | 5/106 (4.7%) | 4/68 (5.9%) | 1/38 (2.6%) | 0.449 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 8/106 (7.5%) | 6/68 (16.2%) | 2/38 (5.3%) | 0.493 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 10/106 (9.5%) | 8/68 (11.8%) | 2/38 (5.3%) | 0.272 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 18/106 (16.9%) | 13/68 (19.1%) | 5/38 (13.2%) | 0.611 |
| Prior permanent pacemaker | 9/106 (8.5%) | 5/68 (7.4%) | 4/38 (10.5%) | 0.574 |
| STS PROM, % | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 0.374 | |
| EuroSCORE II, % | 3.9 ± 3.3 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 0.074 | |
| EuroSCORE logistic, % | 11.6 ± 9.2 | 9.3 ± 6.3 | 0.165 | |
| Frailty | 34/106 (32.1%) | 19/68 (27.9%) | 15/38 (39.5%) | 0.223 |
| NYHA class | 0.046 | |||
| I | 0/106 (0%) | 0/68 (0%) | 0/38 (0%) | |
| II | 13/106 (12.3%) | 11/68 (16.2%) | 2/38 (5.3%) | |
| III | 88/106 (83%) | 52/68 (76.4%) | 36/38 (94.7%) | |
| IV | 5/106 (4.7%) | 5/68 (7.4%) | 0/38 (0%) | |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| Mean AV gradient, mmHG | 44.5 ± 15.4 | 48.3 ± 18.3 | 0.255 | |
| AVA, cm2 | 0.74 ± 0.2 | 0.73 ± 0.2 | 0.702 | |
| Moderate aortic regurgitation | 4/106 (3.8%) | 4/68 (5.9%) | 0/38 (0%) | 0.343 |
| LVEF, % | 51.2 ± 14.1 | 54.0 ± 12.4 | 0.308 | |
| MDCT data | ||||
| Area, mm2 | 536 ± 109 | 467 ± 114 | 0.003 | |
| Perimeter, mm | 83.4 ± 0.9 | 77.8 ± 0.9 | 0.004 | |
| Effective diameter, mm | 26.5 ± 2.7 | 24.7 ± 3.1 | 0.003 | |
| Minimum diameter, mm | 23.2 ± 2.9 | 21.7 ± 3.1 | 0.019 | |
| Maximum diameter, mm | 29.4 ± 3.0 | 27.4 ± 3.2 | 0.002 | |
| Device landing zone calcium volume, mm3 | 1,168 ± 811 | 948 ± 850 | 0.192 | |
| Leaflet | ||||
| NCC calcium volume, mm3 | 350 ± 287 | 281 ± 266 | 0.224 | |
| RCC calcium volume, mm3 | 263 ± 228 | 250 ± 283 | 0.807 | |
| LCC calcium volume, mm3 | 241 ± 213 | 210 ± 208 | 0.466 | |
| Annulus | ||||
| NCC calcium volume, mm3 | 97 ± 129 | 60 ± 82 | 0.107 | |
| RCC calcium volume, mm3 | 82 ± 126 | 64 ± 90 | 0.442 | |
| LCC calcium volume, mm3 | 66 ± 106 | 44 ± 56 | 0.231 | |
| LVOT | ||||
| NCC calcium volume, mm3 | 29 ± 43 | 23 ± 49 | 0.497 | |
| RCC calcium volume, mm3 | 19 ± 45 | 16 ± 33 | 0.699 | |
| LCC calcium volume, mm3 | 23 ± 55 | 14 ± 31 | 0.398 | |
| Bulky calcification | 33/106 (31.1%) | 22/68 (32.4%) | 11/38 (28.9%) | 0.446 |
| Aortic valve calcification | 0.445 | |||
| None | 2/106 (1.9%) | 2/68 (29%) | 0/38 (0%) | |
| Mild | 22/106 (20.1%) | 10/68 (14.7%) | 9/38 (23.7%) | |
| Moderate | 61/106 (57.5%) | 37/68 (54.4%) | 21/38 (55.3%) | |
| Severe | 27/106 (25.5%) | 19/68 (27.9%) | 8/38 (21.1%) | |
| Type of bicuspid AV (Sievers) | 0.119 | |||
| Type 0 | 8/106 (7.5%) | 6/68 (8.8%) | 2/38 (5.3%) | |
| Type 1 L/R | 87/106 (82.1%) | 57/68 (83.8%) | 30/38 (78.9%) | |
| Type 1 R/N | 8/106 (7.5%) | 5/68 (7.4%) | 3/38 (7.9%) | |
| Type 1 N/L | 3/106 (2.8%) | 0/68 (0%) | 3/38 (7.9%) | |
| Type 2 | 0/106 (0%) | 0/68 (0%) | 0/38 (0%) | |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%). AV, aortic valve; AVA, aortic valve area; BMI, body mass index; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk; LCC, left coronary cusp; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; L/R, left/right; MDCT, multidetector computed tomography; NCC, non-coronary cusp; NYHA, New York heart association evaluation; N/L, non/left; PROM, predicted risk of mortality; RCC, right coronary cusp; R/N, right/non; STS, society of thoracic surgeons; TIA, transient ischemic attack.