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. 2023 Sep 1;10:1219589. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1219589

Table 3.

Association of MACE with CPET parameter. Shown are estimates and 95% CI for MACE from the mixed linear models with the respective CPET parameter as the dependent variable and covariates age and sex, and with site as random factor. Models were performed for patients with and without LVD and for the total population to test for group interaction.

LVD (n = 151, 25 with MACE) No LVD (n = 667, 104 with MACE) Interaction MACE × LVD
Beta 95%CI Beta 95%CI p-value
VO2 peak [ml/kg/min] −1.150 −2.842, 0.520 −1.249 −2.136, −0.354 0.7608
VE/VCO2 slope 3.448 −0.092, 7.046 2.244 0.757, 3.739 0.3159
Nadir VE/VCO2 2.843 0.071, 5.615 1.189 0.091, 2.294 0.1022
PETCO2 resting [mmHg] −0.951 −2.573, 0.653 −0.250 −1.093, 0.593 0.3158
PETCO2 peak [mmHg] −1.880 −3.759, −0.019 −0.404 −1.328, 0.515 0.0860
VE resting [L/min] 0.882 −0.853, 2.632 −0.795 −1.613, 0.027 0.0742
VE peak [L/min] 2.644 −3.855, 9.105 −2.302 −5.390, 0.803 0.3411
BF resting [min−1] 2.985 0.639, 5.418 −0.688 −2.097, 0.714 0.0086
BF peak [min−1] 2.928 −0.265, 6.122 1.200 −0.506, 2.888 0.5638
VT resting [L] −0.055 −0.165, 0.054 −0.018 −0.073, 0.038 0.4746
VT peak [L] −0.155 −0.334, 0.021 −0.075 −0.173, 0.023 0.2658

LVD, left ventricular dysfunction; MACE, major adverse cardiac event: VO2, oxygen uptake; VE/VCO2, ventilation/carbon dioxide production; PETCO2, endtidal carbon dioxide partial pressure; BF, breathing frequency; VT, tidal volume.