Table 3.

H-NOX- and NosP-mediated regulation of c-di-GMP signaling.

		Domains composition of CME	NO effect
Species	Pathway		HK activity	CME activity	c-di-GMP level	Biofilm	Reference
Legionella pneumophila	H-NOX/HaCME	GGDEF and an inactive EAL	None	DGC↓	↓	↓	Carlson et al. (2010)
Dinoroseobacter shibae	H-NOX/HaCME	GGDEF	None	DGC↓	↓	ND	Bedrunka et al. (2018)
Shewanella woodyi	H-NOX/HaCME	GGDEF and EAL	None	DGC↓ PDE↑	↓	↓	Liu et al. (2012)
Agrobacterium vitis	H-NOX/HaCME	GGDEF and EAL	None	DGC−    PDE↑	↓	ND	Williams et al. (2018)
Shewanella oneidensis	H-NOX/HaHK/HaCME	REC, PAS and EAL	↓	PDE↓	↑	↑	Plate and Marletta (2012)
Vibrio cholerae	H-NOX/HaHK/HaCME	REC and EAL	↓	ND	ND	ND	Mukhopadyay et al. (2016)
Pseudoalteromonas atlantica	H-NOX/HaHK/HaCME	REC and an inactive HD-GYP	↓	May alter its interaction with other CMEs	ND	ND	Arora and Boon (2012)
Silicibacter sp. TrichCH4B	H-NOX/HaHK/Hpt/HaCME	REC and GGEDF	↓	DGC↑	↑	↑	Rao et al. (2015)
Legionella pneumophila	NosP/NaHK/NaCME	REC, PAS, GGDEF and EAL	↑	DGC↓ PDE↑	↓	↓	Fischer et al. (2019)
Shewanella oneidensis	NosP/NaHK/H-NOX/HaHK/HaCME	REC, PAS and EAL	SoNaHK↓ SoHaHK↑	PDE↑	↓	↓	Nisbett et al. (2019)

↑ indicates an increase in enzyme activity, c-di-GMP concentration, or biofilm formation, while ↓ indicates the opposite and - indicates no change.

ND, not determined.