Table 2.
Summary of deaths and DALYs by pathogen in the WHO Region of the Americas, 2019.
| Pathogen | Associated with AMR |
Attributable to AMR |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths |
DALYs |
Deaths |
DALYs |
|||||
| Counts | Rate per 100k | Counts | Rate per 100k | Counts | Rate per 100k | Counts | Rate per 100k | |
| All pathogens | 569,000 (406,000–771,000) | 56.3 (40.2–76.3) | 14,100,000 (10,000,000–19,300,000) | 1399.1 (992.2–1910) | 141,000 (99,900–196,000) | 13.9 (9.9–19.4) | 3,480,000 (2,420,000–4,900,000) | 344.5 (239.7–485.3) |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 45,300 (26,400–70,800) | 4.5 (2.6–7) | 1,080,000 (642,000–1,650,000) | 106.5 (63.6–163) | 14,300 (7940–22,900) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 339,000 (191,000–542,000) | 33.5 (18.9–53.6) |
| Citrobacter spp. | 2330 (1530–3370) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 65,400 (42,300–96,400) | 6.5 (4.2–9.5) | 666 (385–1070) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 18,700 (10,500–30,400) | 1.8 (1–3) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 18,500 (12,500–25,900) | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 504,000 (336,000–717,000) | 49.9 (33.2–71) | 4240 (2750–6110) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 116,000 (74,600–167,000) | 11.4 (7.4–16.6) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 12,000 (7460–18,100) | 1.2 (0.7–1.8) | 312,000 (202,000–450,000) | 30.9 (20–44.5) | 3410 (1730–5750) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 88,300 (46,600–145,000) | 8.7 (4.6–14.3) |
| Enterococcus faecium | 33,600 (21,300–49,100) | 3.3 (2.1–4.9) | 810,000 (508,000–1,190,000) | 80.1 (50.2–118) | 10,600 (6470–16,400) | 1 (0.6–1.6) | 254,000 (151,000–399,000) | 25.1 (14.9–39.5) |
| Escherichia coli | 109,000 (78,800–149,000) | 10.8 (7.8–14.7) | 2,470,000 (1,760,000–3,390,000) | 244.8 (174–335.4) | 25,500 (17,700–36,300) | 2.5 (1.7–3.6) | 581,000 (396,000–843,000) | 57.5 (39.2–83.4) |
| Group A Streptococcus | 3520 (1930–6290) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 97,100 (59,000–164,000) | 9.6 (5.8–16.2) | 337 (0– 1220) | 0 (0–0.1) | 9240 (0–30,700) | 0.9 (0–3) |
| Group B Streptococcus | 14,200 (9780–20,000) | 1.4 (1–2) | 407,000 (273,000–583,000) | 40.2 (27.1–57.7) | 1780 (0– 4190) | 0.2 (0–0.4) | 52,200 (0– 121,000) | 5.2 (0–11.9) |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 2500 (1970–3190) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 75,200 (57,000–96,500) | 7.4 (5.6–9.5) | 508 (148–903) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 15,500 (5000–27,800) | 1.5 (0.5–2.8) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 66,100 (47,400–90,000) | 6.5 (4.7–8.9) | 1,770,000 (1,250,000–2,410,000) | 174.7 (124–238.6) | 18,100 (12,000–26,200) | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 485,000 (322,000–700,000) | 48 (31.9–69.3) |
| Morganella spp. | 447 (325–611) | 0 (0–0.1) | 7490 (5280–10,600) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 108 (60–175) | 0 (0–0) | 1790 (984–2950) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2420 (1520–3890) | 0.2 (0.2–0.4) | 87,500 (56,200–140,000) | 8.7 (5.6–13.9) | 1050 (253–2400) | 0.1 (0–0.2) | 35,000 (8290–79,800) | 3.5 (0.8–7.9) |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | – | – | 3600 (2110–5610) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | – | – | 356 (107–701) | 0 (0–0.1) |
| Non-typhoidal Salmonella | 142 (64–277) | 0 (0–0) | 8770 (3500–19,700) | 0.9 (0.3–1.9) | 29 (3–77) | 0 (0–0) | 1510 (273–3680) | 0.1 (0–0.4) |
| Other enterococci | 10,700 (7680–14,800) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 246,000 (171,000–344,000) | 24.4 (16.9–34.1) | 2440 (1140–3970) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 55,300 (24,600–92,200) | 5.5 (2.4–9.1) |
| Proteus spp. | 11,400 (8080–15,500) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 229,000 (160,000–315,000) | 22.7 (15.8–31.2) | 1480 (838–2340) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 29,500 (16,400–47,000) | 2.9 (1.6–4.7) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 51,000 (36,000–70,700) | 5 (3.6–7) | 1,230,000 (851,000–1,730,000) | 122.1 (84.2–171.2) | 12,500 (8040–18,700) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 302,000 (194,000–457,000) | 29.9 (19.2–45.2) |
| Salmonella Paratyphi | 5 (3–7) | 0 (0–0) | 208 (128–352) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) | 41 (8–86) | 0 (0–0) |
| Salmonella Typhi | 960 (515–1670) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 52,700 (28,000–91,600) | 5.2 (2.8–9.1) | 189 (40–416) | 0 (0–0) | 10,400 (2110–22,400) | 1 (0.2–2.2) |
| Serratia spp. | 3980 (2470–6140) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 122,000 (76,800–183,000) | 12 (7.6–18.1) | 1040 (585–1760) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 32,100 (18,400–53,200) | 3.2 (1.8–5.3) |
| Shigella spp. | 182 (73–358) | 0 (0–0) | 11,500 (4670–21,500) | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 37 (3–95) | 0 (0–0) | 2090 (417–4870) | 0.2 (0–0.5) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 123,000 (91,300–163,000) | 12.2 (9–16.1) | 2,800,000 (2,000,000–3,800,000) | 277.3 (197.9–376.4) | 30,700 (17,000–48,600) | 3 (1.7–4.8) | 698,000 (376,000–1,110,000) | 69.1 (37.2–109.9) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 56,500 (45,800–70,200) | 5.6 (4.5–6.9) | 1,750,000 (1,370,000–2,220,000) | 172.8 (135.8–220.2) | 11,600 (7920–15,800) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 356,000 (238,000–492,000) | 35.2 (23.6–48.7) |
Data are estimates (95% uncertainty interval). Count values are rounded to three significant figures, rate values are rounded to one decimal point. Estimates were aggregated across drugs, accounting for the co-occurrence of resistance to multiple drugs.
For Neisseria gonorrhoeae, we did not estimate the fatal burden, thus only the DALY burden is presented. AMR = antimicrobial resistance; DALYs = disability-adjusted life-years; Group A Streptococcus = Streptococcus pyogenes; Group B Streptococcus = Streptococcus agalactiae; Salmonella Paratyphi = Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi; Salmonella Typhi = Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi; UI = uncertainty intervals; WHO = World Health Organization.