Table 4.

Recommended actions in order to prevent and control EIDs/REIDs in wars and natural disasters.

Action	Recommendations
Development of a generic national action plan	Risk assessment for different scenarios (conflict, earthquake, flood, etc.) Mechanism for action Determination of roles and responsibilities of each sector Establishment of a coordination mechanism Standard algorithms for EIDs/REIDs prevention and control Mobile teams for active case detection such as malaria, cutaneous leishmaniasis Coordination with Non-Governmental Organizations and international agencies (WHO, ECDC, etc.) Defining supply management system (laboratory equipment and kits, treatment drugs, vaccine, vector and rodent control equipment and products, etc.), etc.
Preparation of provincial/regional action plans	Consideration of local conditions such as epidemiology of EIDs/REIDs Specification of vector and reservoir species and their distribution Assessment of response capacity and additional needs
Establishment or adaptation of the current EIDs/REIDs surveillance and early warning system	Flexible surveillance system (computerized, paper-based, etc.) Determination of data sources Syndromic surveillance Enhanced laboratory services Mobile laboratories Field laboratories Special arrangements to specimen transport
Environmental health measures	Supply of safe drinking water Basic sanitation facilities
Planning of vector and rodent control	Regularly disposal of excreta, wastewater, and solid wastes Vector control in the affected area Rodent control in the affected area especially around the temporary shelters
Planning of free-roaming-animal control	Planning of new settlements far from wildlife Shelters for domestic animals Vaccination, anti-parasite medication, etc. services to animals hosted in shelters
Arising awareness and capacity building	Training of health staff Public awareness and education programs