. 2023 Aug 31;14:1249628. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249628

Table 2.

Effect of L. reuteri L81 and L. johnsonii L29 on immune indexes, antioxidant indexes, biochemical indexes of intestinal barrier function in serum of weaned calves.

Item	Time	Experimental treatments				p-value
Item	Time	Ctrl	R	J	R + J	p-value
IgA (μg/mL)	T1	1465.07 ± 105.12^b	2041.49 ± 164.81^a	2309.75 ± 121.75^a	2097.46 ± 134.07^a	0.002
	T2	1808.00 ± 137.94^b	2489.38 ± 127.90^a	2501.16 ± 163.09^a	2127.21 ± 106.90^ab	0.004
	T3	1603.59 ± 180.81^c	2211.86 ± 39.52^b	2340.06 ± 64.91^ab	2630.13 ± 179.51^a	<0.001
IgM (μg/mL)	T1	784.67 ± 71.28^c	1066.59 ± 88.55^b	1586.91 ± 56.48^a	1064.44 ± 32.15^b	0.033
	T2	711.12 ± 26.46^d	988.51 ± 58.42^c	1679.83 ± 7.03^a	1297.32 ± 81.62^b	<0.001
	T3	1052.49 ± 86.54^b	1526.73 ± 70.21^a	1446.32 ± 75.19^a	1480.35 ± 104.98^a	0.002
IgG (mg/mL)	T1	3.21 ± 0.47^b	3.96 ± 0.24^b	5.2 ± 0.31^a	4.54 ± 0.36^b	0.004
	T2	2.89 ± 0.36^b	5.93 ± 0.32^a	5.71 ± 0.33^a	5.78 ± 0.32^a	<0.001
	T3	3.81 ± 0.24^b	5.39 ± 0.39^a	5.92 ± 0.26^a	5.85 ± 0.39^a	<0.001
MDA (nmol/mL)	T1	6.02 ± 0.36	4.64 ± 0.38	5.18 ± 0.31	5.27 ± 0.52	0.131
	T2	5.06 ± 0.28	4.85 ± 0.39	4.51 ± 0.29	5.57 ± 0.52	0.292
	T3	4.39 ± 0.31	3.97 ± 0.21	4.06 ± 0.36	4.73 ± 0.44	0.409
SOD (U /mL)	T1	12.01 ± 0.42^b	13.33 ± 0.51^ab	14.10 ± 0.35^a	13.02 ± 0.31^ab	0.017
	T2	13.28 ± 0.41	13.72 ± 0.10	13.61 ± 0.33	12.73 ± 0.35	0.167
	T3	11.72 ± 0.17^b	12.78 ± 0.27^a	12.92 ± 0.45^a	13.17 ± 0.44^a	0.049
TNF-α (pg/mL)	T1	141.14 ± 10.03	114.80 ± 6.62	136.02 ± 6.27	119.75 ± 12.58	0.141
	T2	113.12 ± 8.85	114.80 ± 8.80	103.58 ± 9.20	111.89 ± 10.47	0.798
	T3	126.70 ± 3.33	139.26 ± 7.35	125.59 ± 3.78	131.18 ± 15.11	0.603
IL-6 (pg/mL)	T1	89.02 ± 14.95	77.13 ± 4.04	88.41 ± 5.02	100.99 ± 9.87	0.460
	T2	85.06 ± 5.14	97.09 ± 3.32	84.39 ± 4.63	98.22 ± 4.25	0.056
	T3	121.93 ± 4.60^a	86.92 ± 12.42^b	115.53 ± 3.42^ab	107.27 ± 10.80^ab	0.046
IL-10 (pg/mL)	T1	44.12 ± 1.65^c	57.53 ± 2.19^b	70.15 ± 0.19^a	58.41 ± 4.51^b	<0.001
	T2	50.03 ± 2.50^b	56.52 ± 3.30^b	75.17 ± 3.94^a	56.67 ± 2.02^b	<0.001
	T3	49.34 ± 0.85^c	62.37 ± 3.80^b	75.96 ± 3.80^a	60.62 ± 4.04^b	0.007
ET (EU/mL)	T1	14.45 ± 0.75	12.37 ± 0.57	12.27 ± 0.81	12.58 ± 0.76	0.149
	T2	15.22 ± 0.21^a	12.47 ± 0.57^b	9.63 ± 0.91^c	10.47 ± 0.58^c	<0.001
	T3	13.15 ± 0.76^a	10.93 ± 1.18^ab	8.22 ± 0.53^b	10.03 ± 0.99^b	0.007
DAO (ng/mL)	T1	164.41 ± 2.61^a	151.69 ± 1.73^b	113.03 ± 9.68^c	134.84 ± 10.73^bc	0.001
	T2	154.39 ± 5.79^a	108.30 ± 3.70^b	104.84 ± 4.45^b	121.81 ± 6.96^b	<0.001
	T3	141.23 ± 1.90^a	98.44 ± 11.72^b	66.54 ± 4.55^c	104.08 ± 12.11^b	<0.001
D-LA (μmol/mL)	T1	0.56 ± 0.04^a	0.52 ± 0.01^b	0.44 ± 0.01^c	0.55 ± 0.03^b	0.006
	T2	0.56 ± 0.02^a	0.44 ± 0.01^b	0.46 ± 0.01^b	0.49 ± 0.03^ab	0.001
	T3	0.53 ± 0.01^a	0.45 ± 0.04^ab	0.35 ± 0.03^b	0.46 ± 0.03^b	0.005

IgA, Immunoglobulin A; IgM, Immunoglobulin M; IgG, Immunoglobulin G; MDA, Malondialdehyde; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-10, Interleukin-10; ET, Endotoxins; DAO, Diamine oxidase; D-LA, D-Lactic acid. In the same line, marked with different letters means significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).