Table 1.
Categories of social partner behavior directed toward subject and behaviors that belong to each category
| Category | Behavior directed to subject |
|---|---|
| Feeding offspring | Food sharing, breastfeeding |
| Protecting | Defending, gathering subject |
| Comforting | Cradling, patting, embracing, bite-kissing, holding hand, extending hand |
| Playing | Play wrestling, tickling |
| Grooming | Grooming, inspecting |
| Approach | Approaching subject |
| Travel | Lowering back for subject to climb on, following, carrying subject |
| Avoidance | Avoiding, leaving, or breaking contact outside of play |
| Preventing breastfeeding | Covering nipple (mothers only) |
| Threat | Arm raising gesture, biting at (outside of play), dominance displays |
| Taking | Taking or pulling objects in subjects’ possession |
| Causing discomfort | Pulling, slapping, hitting, dragging, pulling hair, pushing (outside of play). |
See28 for definitions.