Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and baseline blood profile of CPI-naive patients at NUH.
| All patients (N = 394) | Cases (n = 36) | Controls (n = 358) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years; Mean, (SD) | 65 (13) | 57 (15) | 65 (13) | 0.002 |
| Sex, n; (Male, %) | 255 (64.7) | 20 (55.6) | 235 (65.6) | 0.23 |
| BMI, kg/m2; Median (IQR) | 26 (23, 31.7) | 25.5 (21.7, 31.2) | 27 (23, 31.7) | 0.48 |
| Type of cancer, n (column %) | ||||
| Malignant melanoma | 321 (81.5) | 33 (91.7) | 288 (80.4) | 0.10 |
| Advanced RCC | 73 (18.5) | 3 (8.3) | 70 (19.6) | |
| Type of CPI, n (column %) | ||||
| Combination followed by anti-PD1 | 115 (29.2) | 29 (80.5) | 86 (24) | <0.001 |
| Anti-CTLA4 | 83 (21.1) | 2 (5.6) | 81 (22.6) | |
| Anti-PD1 | 196 (49.7) | 5 (13.9) | 191 (53.4) | |
| Presence of liver metastases prior CPI, n (%) | 61 (15.5) | 5 (13.9) | 56 (15.6) | 0.78 |
| ALT, IU (ULN: 45 males, 35 females); Median (IQR) | 21 (14, 31) | 27.5 (18, 39) | 21 (14, 29) | 0.003 |
| ALP, IU (ULN: 130); Median (IQR) | 92 (74, 124) | 85 (71, 103.8) | 94 (74.2, 126) | 0.01 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L (ULN: 21); Median (IQR) | 9 (7, 12) | 9 (7, 11.5) | 9 (7, 12) | 0.61 |
| Neutrophils, × 109/L: Median (IQR) | 5 (3.9, 6.5) | 4.4 (3.4, 5.8) | 5 (4, 6.6) | 0.03 |
| Lymphocytes × 109/L; Median (IQR) | 1.6 (1.2, 2) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.5 (1.2, 2) | 0.12 |
| Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR); Median (IQR) | 3.1 (2.3, 4.8) | 2.5 (2, 3.3) | 3.2 (2.3, 4.9) | 0.008 |
| Eosinophils × 109/L; Median (IQR) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.3) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.62∗ |
The baseline blood profile was unavailable from four controls. Values in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Values of p were derived from Pearson's Chi-squared test for categorical variables and the Student’s t test for age or the natural logarithm of other continuous variables.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; anti-CTLA4, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; anti-PD1, anti-programmed cell death protein 1; ChILI, checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury; CPI, checkpoint inhibitors; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; ULN, upper limit of normal.
∗
Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test was performed.