Table 2.
Incidence of tension-type headache between 1990 and 2019 in 15 to 39 years at the global and regional level
| 1990 | 2019 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Number | ASR | Number | ASR | EAPC_95%CI |
| Global | 239,729,661.3 (195,868,914.9–287,251,453.3) | 10,929.1 (8929.5–13,095.6) | 329,572,706.8 (267,549,826.6–393,981,605.7) | 11,104.7 (9014.9–13,274.9) | 0.05 (0.03–0.06) |
| High SDI | 44,628,145.8 (36,137,436.8–53,412,593) | 13,814 (11,185.8–16,533.1) | 45,109,288.5 (36,512,867–54,000,246.1) | 13,615.6 (11,020.9–16,299.2) | -0.08 (-0.09–0.07) |
| High-middle SDI | 53,068,497.7 (43,604,762.4–63,255,771.3) | 10,975.6 (9018.3–13,082.5) | 57,082,218.3 (46,505,090.9–68,433,467.9) | 11,047 (9000.1–13,243.8) | 0.02 (-0.01–0.04) |
| Middle SDI | 72,642,170.5 (59,672,321.1–87,682,954.1) | 9729.8 (7992.6–11,744.4) | 98,305,842.8 (79,715,357.4–118,093,819.3) | 10,513 (8524.9–12,629.1) | 0.28 (0.26–0.29) |
| Low-middle SDI | 48,656,105.4 (39,811,897.1–58,516,686) | 10,925.7 (8939.7–13,139.9) | 81,958,855.6 (66,846,042–98332852.8) | 11,146.4 (9091.1–13,373.3) | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) |
| Low SDI | 20,608,804.9 (16,753,057.2–24,815,223.5) | 10,633.3 (8643.9–12,803.7) | 46,932,112.4 (38,103,091.8–56,604,800.7) | 10,482.7 (8510.6–12,643.1) | -0.07 (-0.09–0.06) |
| Andean Latin America | 1,314,085.1 (1,056,395–1594178.6) | 8503.4 (6835.9–10,315.9) | 2,247,752 (1,828,936.8–2,729,540.8) | 8753.3 (7122.3–10,629.5) | 0.13 (0.11–0.15) |
| Australasia | 997,847.3 (809,359.5–1,199,511.9) | 12,236.7 (9925.2–14,709.7) | 1,193,287 (959,727.3–1,434,531.9) | 12,279.9 (9876.4–14,762.5) | 0 (-0.01–0) |
| Caribbean | 1,537,569.3 (1,244,281.9–1,853,602.5) | 10,363.8 (8386.9–12,494) | 1,885,680.8 (1,525,390.9–2,258,477.2) | 10,401.8 (8414.4–12,458.3) | 0.01 (0–0.01) |
| Central Asia | 3,843,975 (3,127,657.6–4,612,757.7) | 13,500.1 (10,984.4–16,200.1) | 5,137,289.3 (4,152,077.3–6,156,349.4) | 13,560.1 (10,959.6–16,249.9) | 0.01 (0–0.02) |
| Central Europe | 6,175,004.1 (5,011,563.3–7,400,129.2) | 13,418.4 (10,890.2–16,080.6) | 4,810,748.6 (3,880,641.8–5,754,574.2) | 13,508.5 (10,896.7–16,158.7) | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) |
| Central Latin America | 7,355,078.3 (5,964,477.6–8,880,279.7) | 10,782.8 (8744.2–13,018.8) | 10,919,311.5 (8,899,286.4–13,041,697.4) | 10,812.9 (8812.5–12,914.6) | 0 (0–0.01) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 2,190,670 (1,766,748.6–2,678,063.8) | 10,551.9 (8510–12899.6) | 5,471,231.1 (4,412,608.1–6,687,698.8) | 10,562.3 (8518.6–12,910.7) | 0 (0–0) |
| East Asia | 43,616,660 (36,011,950.7–52,881,675) | 7692.8 (6351.6–9326.9) | 43,199,921.5 (34,624,993.7–52,353,148.8) | 8376.9 (6714.2–10,151.9) | 0.38 (0.3–0.45) |
| Eastern Europe | 12,702,347.2 (10,285,493.9–15,108,741.4) | 14,805.9 (11,988.8–17,610.8) | 10,237,733.6 (8,200,770.4–12,224,870.3) | 14,917.4 (11,949.3–17,812.9) | 0.01 (0–0.03) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 6,443,362.9 (5,225,204.2–7,809,726.4) | 9139.3 (7411.5–11,077.4) | 14,894,226.7 (12,094,618.1–18,078,505.2) | 8931.7 (7252.8–10,841.2) | -0.11 (-0.13–0.09) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 9,006,221.3 (7,350,379.1–10,689,822.8) | 13,333.2 (10,881.8–15,825.7) | 7,092,111.2 (5,766,620.8–8,549,159.6) | 13,497.9 (10,975.2–16,271) | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) |
| High-income North America | 17,366,641.3 (13,959,146.2–20,786,027.6) | 15,358.7 (12,345.2–18,382.7) | 18,434,902.7 (15,006,436–21976833.5) | 15,171.7 (12,350.1–18,086.7) | -0.07 (-0.08–0.05) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 13,588,051.8 (11,009,646–16433627.5) | 10,007.2 (8108.3–12,102.9) | 26,070,649.9 (21,025,583.9–31,637,848.3) | 10,080.6 (8129.9–12,233.3) | 0 (-0.01–0.01) |
| Oceania | 257,851.6 (208,398.9–312,988.2) | 9794.9 (7916.4–11,889.4) | 536,407.8 (435,518.2–649,536) | 9856.8 (8002.9–11,935.6) | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) |
| South Asia | 50,478,948 (41,381,424.9–60,912,766.5) | 11,685.8 (9579.7–14,101.2) | 90,138,800.5 (73,763,193–108,381,706.1) | 11,723.6 (9593.8–14,096.3) | -0.05 (-0.08–0.02) |
| Southeast Asia | 21,753,619.5 (17,635,541.6–26,115,630.7) | 11,053.2 (8960.8–13,269.6) | 30,365,389.5 (24,508,512.3–36,453,815.1) | 11,180.4 (9023.9–13,422.2) | 0.04 (0.03–0.04) |
| Southern Latin America | 2,285,327.6 (1,856,687.2–2,735,719.2) | 11,974.1 (9728.2–14,333.9) | 3,069,986.4 (2,479,222.7–3,675,108.3) | 12,071.2 (9748.3–14,450.5) | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 2,446,098.3 (1,992,436.5–2,929,712.3) | 11,156.2 (9087.1–13,361.9) | 3,815,945 (3,083,405.4–4,594,034.8) | 11,329.4 (9154.5–13,639.5) | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) |
| Tropical Latin America | 7,866,415.5 (6,380,831.9–9,464,492.9) | 12,230.8 (9921–14,715.5) | 10,906,868.1 (8,863,260.6–13,156,294.4) | 12,241.9 (9948.1–14,766.6) | -0.02 (-0.04–0) |
| Western Europe | 20,357,516.9 (16,555,699.2–24,474,327) | 14,130.7 (11,491.8–16,988.3) | 18,659,939.6 (15,108,379.1–22,418,249.8) | 14,239.9 (11,529.6–17,108) | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 8,146,370.5 (6,581,974.6–9,810,011.9) | 11,456.8 (9256.7–13,796.5) | 20,484,524 (16,538,361.8–24,629,001.4) | 11,434.5 (9231.7–13,748) | -0.02 (-0.02–0.01) |
Abbreviations: EAPC Estimated annual percentage change, SDI Sociodemographic Index, UI Uncertainty interval, TTH Tension-type headaches