Table 2.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion

Exclusion

• Peer-reviewed journal articles where NPT was used in the intervention development, implementation or refinement process • Any healthcare setting • Any intervention targeted at an orthopaedic or musculoskeletal condition, e.g. exercise, leaflet, website and screening tool • Any method, including protocols, provided there was a clear explanation of how NPT will be or has been used • Any study that used NPT as a stand-alone theory or in combination with other theories (a clear description must be provided for NPT’s specific contribution to the process where it is used alongside other theories) • Any language where it is feasible and pragmatic to translate the article into English. (In the first instance, Google Translate will be used for title and abstract screening. Where a study is included for full-text screening, the translation will be checked, where possible, with a native speaker of the language via Cochrane Task Exchange or colleagues within the University of Nottingham)

• NPT influence not clearly explained • Intervention implemented outside of a healthcare setting • Intervention not targeted at an orthopaedic or musculoskeletal condition