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. 2023 Aug 10;97(8):e00827-23. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00827-23

Fig 6.

Fig 6

Additional images of VEEV-TC83 infection of the hippocampus, SNc, and thalamus at 6 dpi. Additional images from the study presented in Fig. 3 to highlight different neurons infected in the brain. (A) Image of the hippocampus at 6 dpi that shows VEEV TC-83-infected pyramidal cells in pyramidal layer, neurons in stratum lacunosum-moleculae layer, and neurons in granule layer: molecular layer and polymorph layer of dentate gyrus. Arrow shows infected oligodendrocytes in corpus callosum and fiber tracts. (B) IHC image of the midbrain shows soma of dopaminergic neurons in SNc and neuronal process in SNr. Thickened blood vessels walls (i.e., perivascular cuffing) are shown in panels (A) and (B) (arrow). Neuronal death is mild at 6 dpi in this region of the brain. (C) Representative IHC image of VEEV-TC83 infection of the thalamus nuclear at 6 dpi. VEEV-GP shown in brown color by IHC, and tissues were counterstained with methyl green. At 6 dpi, punctate GP signals were visible in soma and dendrites of thalamic neurons (brown) in mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, non-labeled neurons with rich cytoplasm and large nuclear with one or two nuclei. Increased clusters of cells were noted with small dense round nuclear (arrowhead). These cells were also seen in thickened walls of large blood vessels (BVs) and small blood vessels (arrow) potentially from immune cell infiltration and microglia activation. Pyknotic nuclei were observed suggesting infection and/or immune reaction, and cell death. Scale bar = 40 µm. CA1, Field CA1; CA2, Field CA2; CA3, Field CA3; CC, corpus callosum; CTX, cerebral cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; fi, fimbria of the hippocampus; mc, molecular layer; po, polymorph layer; sg, granule cell layer; slm, stratum lacunosum-moleculae; so, stratum oriens; sp, pyramidal layer; sr, stratum radiatum; SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; STN, subthalamic nucleus; VL, lateral ventricle. Scale bars: (A) and (B) = 100 µm; (C) = 40 µm; Cross: A: anterior; P: posterior: D: dorsal; V: ventral.