Table 1.
Main characteristics of in vitro studies comparing ceftazidime-avibactam alone vs. ceftazidime-avibactam containing combinations.
| Author | Year | Country | Bacteria | AMR phenotype | CZA susceptibility (%) | Number of isolates | AST method | AST criteria | Assay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almarzoky Abuhussain et al. (24) | 2018 | United States | PA and KP | CR | 100 | 6 | BMD | CLSI | 72-h PD Chemostat |
| Avery et al. (25) | 2018 | United States | Enterobacterales | CR | 0 | 10 | Gradient test and BMD | CLSI | Gradient diffusion |
| Avery et al. (26) | 2019 | United States | Enterobacterales | CR | NP | 49 | Gradient strip test | CLSI | Gradient diffusion |
| Biagi et al. (27) | 2019 | United States | Enterobacterales | CR | 0 | 8 | BMD | CLSI | Time-kill |
| Borjan et al. (28) | 2020 | United States | KP | CR | 66.7 | 3 | BMD | CLSI | Time-kill |
| Chen et al. (29) | 2021 | China | PA and Enterobacterales | CR | 0 | 16 | BMD | EUCAST and CLSI | Checkerboard and time-kill |
| Gaibani et al. (30) | 2017 | Italy | KP | CR | 84.6 | 13 | Gradient test | EUCAST | Gradient diffusion |
| Huang et al. (31) | 2021 | United States | KP | CR | 100 | 4 | BMD | CLSI | Time kill and hollow-fibre |
| Idowu et al. (32) | 2019 | Canada | PA | MDR or XDR | 80 | 5 | BMD | CLSI | Checkerboard and time-kill |
| Kara et al. (33) | 2020 | Turkey | Enterobacterales | CR | 71 | 7 | BMD | EUCAST | Time-kill |
| Lee et al. (34) | 2021 | United States | PA | CR | 0 | 5 | BMD | CLSI | Time-kill |
| Ma et al. (35) | 2019 | China | KP | CR | 100 | 3 | BMD | CLSI | Checkerboard and time-kill |
| Manning et al. (36) | 2018 | United States | KP | CR | 100 | 10 | Agar dilution | CLSI | Time-kill |
| Maraki et al. (37) | 2021 | Greece | KP | CR | 0 | 40 | E-test | CLSI | E-test MIC:MIC |
| Mikhail et al. (38) | 2019 | United States | PA and KP | MDR and CR | 100 | 4 | BMD | CLSI | Time-kill |
| Montero et al. (39) | 2021 | Spain | PA | XDR | 66.7 | 21 | BMD | CLSI | Time-kill |
| Nath et al. (40) | 2018 | United States | KP | CR | 100 | 4 | BMD | CLSI | Time-kill |
| Ojdana et al. (41) | 2019 | Poland | KP | CR | 47 | 19 | E-test | EUCAST | E-test MIC:MIC |
| Okoliegbe et al. (42) | 2021 | UK | PA | MDR | 53 | 721 | E-test | EUCAST | E-test MIC:MIC |
| Pragasam et al. (43) | 2019 | India | KP | CR | 25 | 12 | BMD | CLSI | Checkerboard |
| Romanelli et al. (44) | 2020 | Italy | KP | CR | 100 | 10 | E-test | EUCAST | E-test MIC:MIC |
| Shields et al. (45) | 2018 | United States | Enterobacterales | CR | 100 | 24 | BMD | CLSI | Time-kill |
PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; KP, Klebsiella pneumoniae; AMR, antimicrobial resistance; CR, carbapenem-resistant; MDR, multidrug-resistant; XDR, extensively drug-resistant; CZA, ceftazidime-avibactam; AST, antimicrobial susceptibility testing; NP, not provided; BMD, broth microdilution; CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute; EUCAST, European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; PD, Pharmacodynamic.