Table 3. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes detected in Typhi genomes.
| Genotype | ESBL | 3GCR | Country of origin | n | Years | Other plasmid/AMR markers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.5.1 | CTX-M-15 | Y | DRC Phoba et al., 2017 | 1 | 2015 |
IncY‡; blaTEM-1, dfrA7, sul1 (gyrA-S83F) |
| 3 | CTX-M-15 | Y | Philippines Lagrada et al., 2022 | 1 | 2013 | – |
| SHV-12 | Y | Philippines Hendriksen et al., 2015a; Lagrada et al., 2022 | 2 | 2007 | IncHI2A*; blaTEM-1, dfrA18, tetA(D) | |
| 3.3 | CTX-M-15 | Y | UK | 1 | 2012 | (gyrA-S83F) |
| 3.3.2 | CTX-M-15 | Y | Bangladesh Djeghout et al., 2018; Tanmoy et al., 2018 | 2 | 2000 | IncI1*; blaTEM-1 |
| 3.5 | CTX-M-12 | Y | Colombia Guevara et al., 2021 | 1 | 2012 | IncL, IncFIB(pHCM2); blaTEM-1, sul1 |
| 4.3.1 | CTX-M-15 | Y | India Sah et al., 2019 | 1 | 2019 |
IncY*; qnrS, blaTEM-1, dfrA14, sul2, (gyrA-S83Y) |
| Y/N | Pakistan da Silva et al., 2022; Klemm et al., 2018 | 2 | 2018 | IncY ‡; qnrS, blaTEM-1, sul2, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, tetA(A); (gyrA-S83F) | ||
| 4.3.1.1 | CTX-M-15 | N | Pakistan da Silva et al., 2022 | 1 | 2016 | IncY; qnrS, blaTEM-1, sul2, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, tetA(A); (gyrA-S83F) |
| 4.3.1.1.P1 | CTX-M-15 | Y | India Klemm et al., 2018; Nair et al., 2021 | 1 | 2019 |
IncY*†qnrS, blaTEM-1, sul2, catA1, dfrA7, sul1 (gyrA-S83F) |
| Y | Mexico https://wwwn.cdc.gov/narmsnow/ | 1 | 2019 | |||
| Y | Pakistan Klemm et al., 2018; Munir et al., 2016; Rasheed et al., 2020 | 656 | 2015–20 | |||
| Y | USA https://wwwn.cdc.gov/narmsnow/ | 1 | 2019 | |||
| CTX-M-55 | Y | Pakistan Nair et al., 2021 | 1 | 2018 | ||
| 4.3.1.2 | CTX-M-15 | Y | Iraq Nair et al., 2021 | 2 | 2019 | IncY; (gyrA-S83F) |
| 4.3.1.2.1 | SHV-12 | Y | India Argimón et al., 2021a; Chattaway et al., 2021; Ingle et al., 2021; Jacob et al., 2021 | 18 | 2015–20 |
IncX3*; qnrB (gyrA-S83F, gyrA-D87N, parC-S80I) |
‘Other plasmid/AMR markers’ column includes: (i) plasmid replicons (Inc types) identified in the genome (in bold); (ii) other acquired AMR genes; (iii) chromosomal AMR mutations (in brackets). n.a. indicates susceptibility data not available.
*
indicates this plasmid is the reported location of the ESBL gene in the genome assembly.
†
n=31 4.3.1.1 .P1 isolates from Pakistan lacked plasmid replicons.
‡
the ESBL 4.3.1. isolate from Klemm et al., 2018, was phenotypically third-generation cephalosporin resistant (3GCR), but the one from da Silva et al., 2022, was phenotypically 3GC sensitive.