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. 2023 Sep 13;43(37):6460–6475. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0724-23.2023

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Figure 2. — Dietary fiber improves cognitive function. a, Schematic of experimental design created with Biorender.com. b, c, Concentration of acetate (b) and butyrate (c) in the brains of 6 month WT and 5xFAD mice fed zero fiber, control, HAMSAB diet (acetate: WT zero fiber n = 10, WT control n = 8, WT HAMSAB n = 13, AD zero fiber n = 7, AD control n = 8, AD HAMSAB n = 9; butyrate: WT zero fiber n = 7, WT control n = 9, WT HAMSAB n = 9, AD zero fiber n = 7, AD control n = 9, AD HAMSAB n = 7). d, e, Recognition index of NOR test of 5 month (d) and 6 month (e) WT mice and 5xFAD mice fed zero fiber, control, or HAMSAB diet from E0.5 (5 month NOR: WT zero fiber n = 18, WT control n = 19, WT HAMSAB n = 22, AD zero fiber n = 20, AD control n = 22, AD HAMSAB n = 23; 6 month NOR: WT zero fiber n = 32, WT control n = 20, WT HAMSAB n = 28, AD zero fiber n = 34, AD control n = 20, AD HAMSAB n = 28). f, Alternation rate of T maze of 6 month WT mice and 5xFAD mice fed zero fiber, control, or HAMSAB diet from E0.5 (WT zero fiber n = 21, WT control n = 18, WT HAMSAB n = 26, AD zero fiber n = 25, AD control n = 20, AD HAMSAB n = 31). g, h, Recognition index of NOR test of 5 month (g) and 6 month (h) WT mice and 5xFAD mice fed zero fiber, control, or HAMSAB diet from 1 month (5 month NOR: WT zero fiber n = 13, WT control n = 16, WT HAMSAB n = 13, AD zero fiber n = 18, AD control n = 9, AD HAMSAB n = 15; 6 month NOR: WT zero fiber n = 13, WT control n = 14, WT HAMSAB n = 16, AD zero fiber n = 17, AD control n = 9, AD HAMSAB n = 18). i, Alternation rate of T maze of 6 month WT mice and 5xFAD mice fed zero fiber, control, or HAMSAB diet from 1 month (WT zero fiber n = 7, WT control n = 16, WT HAMSAB n = 12, AD zero fiber n = 19, AD control n = 9, AD HAMSAB n = 13). j, k, Recognition index of NOR test of 5 month (j) and 6 month (k) WT mice and 5xFAD mice whose mothers were fed zero fiber, control, or HAMSAB diet (5 month NOR: WT zero fiber n = 11, WT control n = 19, WT HAMSAB n = 19, AD zero fiber n = 17, AD control n = 22, AD HAMSAB n = 15; 6 month NOR: WT zero fiber n = 5, WT control n = 20, WT HAMSAB n = 15, AD zero fiber n = 17, AD control n = 20, AD HAMSAB n = 16). l, Alternation rate of T maze of 6 month WT mice and 5xFAD mice whose mothers were fed with zero fiber, control, or HAMSAB diet (WT zero fiber n = 13, WT control n = 18, WT HAMSAB n = 9, AD zero fiber n = 16, AD control n = 20, AD HAMSAB n = 15). m, n, Recognition index of NOR test (m) and alternation rate of T maze test (n) of 6 month Gpr41/43/109a^+/+, Gpr41/43/109a^−/−, Gpr41/43^−/−, WT/5xFAD mice fed HAMSAB diet from 1 month (NOR: WT Gpr41/43/109a^+/+ n = 16, WT Gpr41/43/109a^−/− n = 8, WT Gpr41/43^−/− n = 8, AD Gpr41/43/109a^+/+ n = 18, AD Gpr41/43/109a^−/− n = 7, AD Gpr41/43^−/− n = 7; T maze: WT Gpr41/43/109a^+/+ n = 12, WT Gpr41/43/109a^−/− n = 8, WT Gpr41/43^−/− n = 8, AD Gpr41/43/109a^+/+ n = 13, AD Gpr41/43/109a^−/− n = 8, AD Gpr41/43^−/− n = 7). Data are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Extended Data Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 support Figure 2.