Table 2.
Bivariate Relationships Between Personal and Community Stressors and Neurocognitive Functioning, Ordinary Least Squares Standardized Betas
| Ekman |
Raven |
Cambridge Decision-Making Task |
Tower of London |
Stroop |
Stop-Change |
Stop-Change |
Behavioral Dysreg. |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotion Attribution |
Estimated IQ |
Risky Decisions |
Problem Solving |
Cognitive Flexibility |
Impulsivity: % Correct |
Impulsivity: Reaction Time |
ADHD Symptoms |
|||||||||||||||||
| β | SE | Unadj. p | β | SE | Unadj. p | β | SE | Unadj. p | β | SE | Unadj. p | β | SE | Unadj. p | β | SE | Unadj. p | β | SE | Unadj. p | β | SE | Unadj. p | |
| Personal stress | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emotional abuse | −.03 | (0.12) | .48654 | −.07 | (0.55) | .1108 | −.04 | (0.002) | .3621 | −.08 | (0.005) | .0529 | .04 | (0.11) | .3907 | −.04 | (0.005) | .3310 | −.13** | (1.06) | .0026 | .40*** | (0.20) | < .0001 |
| Physical abuse | −.003 | (0.24) | .9514 | −.02 | (1.10) | .6208 | −.07 | (0.005) | .1059 | −.09 | (0.01) | .0326 | .08 | (0.10) | .0611 | −.05 | (0.01) | .2371 | −.01 | (2.11) | .7805 | .28*** | (0.41) | < .0001 |
| Emotional neglect | −.19*** | (0.08) | < .0001 | −.11* | (0.35) | .0112 | −.06 | (0.001) | .1390 | −.06 | (0.003) | .1383 | −.04 | (0.04) | .4215 | −.09 | (0.003) | .0406 | −.07 | (0.68) | .1250 | .14** | (0.14) | .0016 |
| Physical neglect | −.24*** | (0.14) | < .0001 | −.16*** | (0.64) | .0002 | −.01 | (0.003) | .8537 | −.03 | (0.006) | .3774 | −.06 | (0.07) | .2035 | −.06 | (0.006) | .2036 | −.07 | (1.25) | .0993 | .20*** | (0.25) | < .0001 |
| Parent stress | −.09 | (0.10) | .0515 | −.10 | (0.45) | .0208 | −.10 | (0.002) | .0289 | −.07 | (0.004) | .1288 | .002 | (0.05) | .9617 | −.08 | (0.004) | .0650 | −.10 | (0.87) | .0184 | .26*** | (0.17) | < .0001 |
| School stress | −.09 | (0.12) | .0322 | −.06 | (0.56) | .1640 | −.09 | (0.002) | .0331 | −.03 | (0.005) | .4443 | −.04 | (0.06) | .3818 | −.06 | (0.005) | .1754 | −.11 | (1.07) | .0136 | .36*** | (0.20) | < .0001 |
| Community stress | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neighborhood violence | −.02 | (0.10) | .5955 | −.004 | (0.46) | .9216 | −.01 | (0.002) | .8357 | −.10 | (0.004) | .0296 | −.02 | (0.05) | .7274 | −.06 | (0.004) | .1513 | −.04 | (0.89) | .4212 | .21*** | (0.17) | < .0001 |
| Neighborhood problems | −.08 | (0.07) | .0618 | −.03 | (0.31) | .4560 | −.002 | (0.001) | .9730 | −.05 | (0.003) | .2257 | −.04 | (0.03) | .3207 | −.04 | (0.003) | .3514 | −.04 | (0.60) | .4206 | .17*** | (0.12) | < .0001 |
Note: N = 552.
Adjusted alpha:
*
p < .0125.
**
p < .00625.
***
p < .00125.