Table 5.
Multivariable logistic regression for associations between empiric treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia (vs. no treatment in the ED) among those tested.
| Variables | Comparison groups | Reference levels | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 18–28 | ≥62 | 3.96 (1.51, 13.65) | 0.01 |
| 29–39 | ≥62 | 3.81 (1.45, 13.15) | 0.01 | |
| 40–50 | ≥62 | 3.86 (1.45, 13.40) | 0.01 | |
| 51–61 | ≥62 | 4.40 (1.60, 15.65) | 0.009 | |
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| Race | Black/African American | Asian/other | 1.85 (1.00, 3.75) | 0.07 |
| White | Asian/other | 1.598 (0.84, 3.32) | 0.18 | |
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| Marital status | Separated/divorced | Married/life partner | 1.49 (1.02, 2.18) | 0.04 |
| Single | Married/life partner | 1.60 (1.26, 2.06) | <0.001 | |
| Widowed | Married/life partner | 0.71 (0.16, 2.20) | 0.59 | |
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| Documented primary care physician | Yes | No | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 0.14 |
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| Pregnant | Yes | No | 0.16 (0.12, 0.19) | <0.001 |
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| Emergency severity index | 3 | 1-2 | 0.95 (0.63, 1.46) | 0.80 |
| 4-5 | 1-2 | 1.07 (0.70, 1.66) | 0.77 | |
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| Mechanism of ED arrival | Private vehicle | EMS/police | 1.10 (0.87, 1.42) | 0.42 |
| Public transport/on foot | EMS/police | 1.06 (0.75, 1.49) | 0.73 | |
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| Sex of primary ED provider | Male | Female | 1.10 (0.98, 1.25) | 0.12 |
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| Training level of primary ED provider | Attending only | APP | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) | <0.001 |
| Attending plus resident | APP | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.94 | |
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| Source of urine sample | Not documented | Clean catch/voided | 0.72 (0.56, 0.91) | 0.007 |
| Other | Clean catch/voided | 0.77 (0.27, 1.84) | 0.58 | |
|
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| Bacteria (urinalysis) | 1-unit increase | 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) | 0.43 | |
|
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| Blood (urinalysis) | 1-unit increase | 0.84 (0.79, 0.89) | <0.001 | |
|
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| Glucose (urinalysis) | Positive | Negative | 0.86 (0.63, 1.15) | 0.32 |
|
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| Ketones (urinalysis) | Positive | Negative | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) | 0.54 |
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| Leukocyte esterase (urinalysis) | 1-Unit increase | 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) | <0.001 | |
|
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| Mucous (urinalysis) | 1-Unit increase | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 0.83 | |
|
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| Nitrite (urinalysis) | Positive | Negative | 1.06 (0.80, 1.39) | 0.68 |
|
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| Protein (urinalysis) | Positive | Negative | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | 0.45 |
|
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| RBCs (urinalysis) | 1-unit increase | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | <0.001 | |
|
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| WBC clumps (urinalysis) | Present | Negative | 1.19 (0.90, 1.56) | 0.21 |
|
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| WBCs (urinalysis) | 1-unit increase | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.12 | |
|
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| Yeast (urinalysis) | Present | Absent | 0.43 (0.26, 0.66) | <0.001 |
|
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| CFU/mL on urine culture | ≥10,000 | <10,000 | 0.86 (0.66, 1.11) | 0.25 |
| No urine culture done | <10,000 | 1.24 (0.99, 1.57) | 0.07 | |
|
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| Clue cells (vaginal wet mount) | Not performed | Negative | 0.35 (0.12, 0.97) | 0.05 |
| Present | Negative | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 0.74 | |
|
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| WBC (vaginal wet mount) (cells/HPF) | 11–100 | ≤10 | 1.38 (1.22, 1.56) | <0.001 |
| Not performed | ≤10 | 1.09 (0.51, 2.48) | 0.83 | |
|
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| Yeast (vaginal wet mount) | Not performed | Negative | 2.01 (0.69, 6.27) | 0.21 |
| Present | Negative | 0.79 (0.62, 1.01) | 0.06 | |
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| N. gonorrhea NAAT | No test result | Negative | 3.70 (0.97, 13.81) | 0.048 |
| Positive | Negative | 1.95 (1.50, 2.52) | <0.001 | |
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| C. trichomonas NAAT | No test result | Negative | 1.55 (0.46, 4.50) | 0.44 |
| Positive | Negative | 1.49 (1.24, 1.78) | <0.001 | |
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| T. vaginalis NAAT | No test result | Negative | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) | 0.22 |
| Positive | Negative | 1.25 (0.89, 1.74) | 0.19 | |
|
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| Diagnosed with a UTI in the ED | Yes | No | 0.76 (0.65, 0.90) | 0.001 |
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| ||||
| Trichomonas found during the ED encounter | Positive for T. vaginalis during the ED encounter | Negative for T. vaginalis infection during ED encounter | 3.88 (3.29, 4.58) | <0.001 |
| Vaginal wet mount not performed | Negative for T. vaginalis infection during ED encounter | 1.27 (0.49, 3.20) | 0.62 | |