Table 2.

Descriptive comparison of the lack of urban ritual of territorial belonging

	Form of the announcement	Functional alternatives during the cancelation	Plans for the future of the ritual
Escalade	Loss, economic consequences, protecting health	- Commemorative flower crowns at symbolic sites - Symbolic races (spontaneous) - Cathedral bell - Event visibility (online and in the city) - New ritual objects (masks and hand sanitizer)	Returning to the traditional event
San Giovanni	Loss and anger already before the pandemic	- Small events in the city, hybrid events	Contested development of an event in difficulties, hope of a return to the form changed before the pandemic
Sechseläuten	Loss, economic consequences, then frustration, then reflexivity and agency	- Privatization, small private and associative bottom-up events - Reinvention of the ritual as a hybrid event	Returning to the traditional event, confrontation with critics