Table 2.

The target audience, engagement, mechanisms of action, and effectiveness (TEME) framework for game-based intervention development.

Theme	Key question	Health care	Entertainment
Target audience	Who is the intervention engaging and effective for?	Health indication and user characteristics frame the target audience.	Differences in game preferences create various audiences.
Engagement	Does the user want to interact with the intervention?	Engagement is associated with effective mechanisms of action.	Subjective and objective engagement are measured.
Mechanisms of action	What explains the intervention effects?	The mechanisms of action are evidence based.	The mechanisms of action are synergistic with their game-based implementation.
Effectiveness	What does the intervention achieve?	The intervention helps achieve behavioral change and symptom reduction.	Interaction is satisfying and fulfills the players’ psychological needs.