Table 2. Association of Poor Outcome (Modified Rankin Scale Score 3-6) With Poststroke Seizures.
| Serial No. | Outcome measures | PSS (event/total) | No PSS (event/total) | No. of studies | OR (95% CI) | I2, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main analysis | ||||||
| 1 | Primary analysis | |||||
| PSS vs no PSS | 2167/2952 | 96 967/154 021 | 22 | 2.23 (1.77-2.81)a | 57 | |
| Limit analysis by adjusting for small study effect | ||||||
| PSS vs no PSS | 2167/2952 | 96 967/154 021 | 22 | 2.25 (1.43-3.53)a | 57 | |
| Subgroup analyses | ||||||
| 2 | Seizure types | |||||
| Early seizure | 276/424 | 4646/10 468 | 11 | 2.36 (1.64-3.39)a | 43 | |
| Late seizure | 154/273 | 1403/3940 | 6 | 2.73 (1.83-4.09)a | 0 | |
| 3 | Risk of bias | |||||
| Low | 304/436 | 6607/12 351 | 9 | 2.35 (1.38-4)a | 70 | |
| Moderate | 1822/2435 | 90 089/140 996 | 11 | 2.25 (1.71-2.96)a | 50 | |
| High | 41/81 | 271/674 | 2 | 1.66 (1.09-2.53)a | 0 | |
| 4 | ICD-10 codes | |||||
| No ICD-10 codes | 2143/2912 | 96 873/153 858 | 21 | 2.31 (1.84-2.91)a | 56 | |
| ICD-10 codes | 24/40 | 94/163 | 1 | 1.10 (0.54-2.23) | NA | |
| 5 | Stroke subtypes | |||||
| PISS vs no PISS | 1788/2383 | 93 644/147 608 | 12 | 2.60 (1.85-3.67)a | 64 | |
| PHSS vs no PHSS | 218/302 | 2397/4494 | 6 | 1.91 (1-3.63)a | 42 | |
| Early and late seizures after ischemic stroke | ||||||
| Early PISS vs no PISS | 279/439 | 4146/9266 | 8 | 2.97 (2.05-4.31)a | 11 | |
| Late PISS vs no PISS | 28/41 | 462/901 | 2 | 2.27 (0-4048.73) | 64 | |
| Early and late seizures after hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
| Early PHSS vs no PHSS | 12/17 | 41/74 | 1 | 1.93 (0.62-6.04) | NA | |
| Late PHSS vs no PHSS | 0/10 | 5/29 | 1 | 0.21 (0.01-4.19) | NA | |
Abbreviations: ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Edition; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; PHSS, posthemorrhagic stroke seizure; PISS, postischemic stroke seizure; PSS, poststroke seizure.
a
P < .05.