Table II.
Characteristics of 57 included studies in this network meta-analysis
| Author | Country | Year | Age | Treatment | Detection | Study design | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Control | Case (Total/relapse) | Control (Total/relapse) | |||||
| Mark A. Hull | UK | 2018 | 62–69 | 62–69 | Eicosapentaenoic acid (153/97) | Aspirin (163/100) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Placebo (163/100) | ||||||||
| Fan-Gen Hsu | China | 2021 | 66.5 ±13.7 | 66.5 ±13.8 | Allopurinol (1111/500) | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (8618/4310) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Matteo Puntoni | Italy | 2012 | 61 ±8 | 61 ±8 | Allopurinol (49/21) | Placebo (24/11) | Biopsy | RCT |
| Laura Reyes-Uribe | USA | 2020 | 20–70 | 20–70 | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (31/2) | Placebo (23/21) | Tumor markers | RCT |
| Randall E. Harris | USA | 2008 | 63.2 ±0.7 | 63.5 ±0.6 | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (13/4) | Aspirin (22/7) | Biopsy | Cohort study |
| John A. Baron | USA | 2006 | 40–86 | 40–86 | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (1158/460) | Placebo (1218/646) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Francis M. Giardiello | USA | 2002 | 8–25 | 8–25 | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (21/9) | Placebo (20/11) | Tumor markers | RCT |
| Takuma Higurashi | Japan | 2016 | 40–78 | 40–79 | Metformin (71/27) | Placebo (62/35) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Jin Ha Lee | Korea | 2011 | 33–87 | 30–88 | Metformin (258/55) | Aspirin (106/90) | Tumor markers | Cohort study |
| CR Garrett | USA | 2012 | 18–80 | 18–80 | Metformin (208/125) | Aspirin (119/95) | Biopsy | Cohort study |
| Susan Spillane | Ireland | 2013 | 71–80 | 71–79 | Metformin (207/58) | Placebo (108/35) | Biopsy | Cohort study |
| Brielan Smiechowski | Canada | 2013 | 72.8 ±8.7 | 72.5 ±8.5 | Metformin (4850/444) | Placebo (1594/163) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Majken Cardel | Denmark | 2014 | 66–80 | 61–77 | Metformin (6451/1161) | Aspirin (5125/976) | Biopsy | Cohort study |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs (1005/149) | ||||||||
| Statins (3669/673) | ||||||||
| Amikar Sehdev | USA | 2014 | 26–64 | 23–64 | Metformin (3042/983) | Statins (3083/992) | Biopsy | Cohort study |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs (1237/372) | ||||||||
| Bruce Y. Tung | USA | 2016 | 36.4 ±2.6 | 27.4 ±3.1 | Ursodeoxycholic acid (41/13) | Mesalazine (12/5) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Urban Sjöqvist | Sweden | 2004 | 27–73 | 32–54 | Ursodeoxycholic acid (10/5) | Placebo (9/7) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| David S.Alberts | USA | 2005 | 66.1 ±8.7 | 66.4 ±8.3 | Ursodeoxycholic acid (613/251) | Placebo (579/254) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| J. M. Wolf | USA | 2005 | 31 ±13 | 26 ±12 | Ursodeoxycholic acid (28/8) | Placebo (92/27) | Biopsy | Cohort study |
| Darrell S. Pardi | USA | 2003 | 22–65 | 21–68 | Ursodeoxycholic acid (29/3) | Placebo (23/8) | Biopsy | RCT |
| Folic acid (11/6) | ||||||||
| L. Lindström | Sweden | 2012 | 18–67 | 22–67 | Ursodeoxycholic acid (48/13) | Mesalazine (86/26) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Placebo (50/15) | ||||||||
| Hideki Ishikawa | Japan | 2021 | 31–47 | 25–43 | Mesalazine (52/20) | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (40/12) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Placebo (39/17) | ||||||||
| F. Carrat | France | 2016 | 52.6 ±15.8 | 52.5 ±15.7 | Mesalazine (324/103) | Folic acid (23/3) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Mercaptopurine (11/4) | ||||||||
| Jeffrey Tang | USA | 2009 | 36.6 ±16.2 | 34.7 ±14 | Mesalazine (44/15) | Folic acid (21/3) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Mercaptopurine (5/1) | ||||||||
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs (6/1) | ||||||||
| David T. Rurin | USA | 2006 | 36–62 | 34–56 | Mesalazine (111/22) | Folic acid (122/26) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| J. Eaden | UK | 2000 | 41.3 ±16.8 | 43.6 ±16.1 | Mesalazine (135/51) | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (9/4) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Jonathan P. Terdiman | USA | 2007 | 50–80 | 50–80 | Mesalazine (671/157) | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (377/88) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Sierra Matula | USA | 2005 | 28.6 ±13.3 | 28.5 ±12 | Mercaptopurine (96/15) | Placebo (219/39) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Robert Benamouzig | France | 2009 | 56.5 ±8.6 | 58.5 ±10.2 | Aspirin (79/38) | Placebo (57/34) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Elizabeth L. Barry | USA | 2009 | 57.6 ±9.6 | 59.1 ±9.3 | Aspirin (650/278) | Placebo (329/155) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Folic acid (452/205) | ||||||||
| Harsh Sheth | UK | 2018 | 45–80 | 45–80 | Aspirin (580/324) | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (887/467) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Jane C. Figueiredo | USA | 2008 | 59.0 ±9.3 | 56.2 ±9.6 | Aspirin (721/300) | Folic acid (501/221) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Maria V. Grau | USA | 2009 | 57.6 ±9.1 | 57.5 ±9.3 | Aspirin (565/256) | Placebo (285/143) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| John Burn | UK | 2011 | 20–80 | 20–85 | Aspirin (427/18) | Placebo (434/30) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Hideki Ishikawa | Japan | 2012 | 39.7 ±12.8 | 36.7 ±13.9 | Aspirin (17/10) | Placebo (17/14) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| John A. Baron | USA | 2003 | 57.3 ±9.9 | 57.4 ±9.9 | Aspirin (721/300) | Placebo (363/171) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Hideki Ishikawa | Japan | 2014 | 60.0 ±7.3 | 60.5 ±6.6 | Aspirin (152/56) | Placebo (159/73) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Jane C. Figueiredo | USA | 2010 | 59.3 ±9.4 | 59.7 ±9.5 | Folic acid (1324/343) | Placebo (1308/339) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Qin-Yan Gao | China | 2013 | 60.8 ±7.5 | 60.2 ±7.1 | Folic acid (430/64) | Placebo (430/132) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Richard F. A. Logan | UK | 2008 | 58.3 ±9.4 | 57.9 ±9.7 | Folic acid (215/65) | Non-aspirin NSAIDs (217/49) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Placebo (204/56) | ||||||||
| Bernard F. Cole | USA | 2007 | 57.0 ±9.6 | 57.0 ±9.5 | Folic acid (501/221) | Placebo (486/206) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| John A. Baron | USA | 2015 | 58.7 ±7.0 | 58.2 ±7.0 | Calcium (762/345) | Vitamin D (1024/438) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Placebo (380/183) | ||||||||
| Claire Bonithon-Kopp | Belgium | 2000 | 58.8 ±8.8 | 59.3 ±8.4 | Calcium (176/28) | Placebo (178/36) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Veronika Fedirko | USA | 2010 | 58.2 ±9.7 | 52.7 ±11.0 | Calcium (616/314) | Placebo (770/382) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs (616/250) | ||||||||
| Elizabeth L. Barry | USA | 2019 | 59.0 ±7.0 | 58.0 ±7.0 | Calcium (434/193) | Placebo (448/228) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Vitamin D (380/183) | ||||||||
| Aspirin (577/277) | ||||||||
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs (490/208) | ||||||||
| Marıá Elena Martı´nez | USA | 2002 | 64.3 ±9.3 | 64.5 ±9.0 | Calcium (514/240) | Placebo (790/399) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Vitamin D (452/207) | ||||||||
| Maria V. Grau | USA | 2005 | 60.8 ±8.9 | 57.5 ±9.6 | Calcium (409/127) | Placebo (423/159) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Aspirin (721/300) | ||||||||
| Elizabeth T. Jacobs | USA | 2007 | 66.0 ±8.5 | 66.2 ±8.5 | Calcium (778/210) | Vitamin D (1649/504) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Rowena Chau | Australia | 2016 | 41.5 ±13.1 | 42.4 ±10.5 | Calcium (178/48) | Folic acid (154/37) | Biopsy | Cohort study |
| Placebo (1730/685) | ||||||||
| Maria V.Grau | USA | 2007 | 60.5 ±8.9 | 60.6 ±9.1 | Calcium (405/162) | Placebo (417/185) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| E. Aigner | Australia | 2014 | 30.1 ±11.3 | 23.5 ±11.3 | Vitamin D (80/14) | Placebo (719/196) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Cari Lewis | USA | 2015 | 65.9 ±9.4 | 62.6 ±10.5 | Vitamin D (95/23) | Placebo (358/89) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Yingxuan Chen | China | 2020 | 52–64 | 51–64 | Berberine (429/116) | Placebo (426/168) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Weiqiang Wang | China | 2020 | 61.7 ±11.0 | 61.5 ±10.7 | Berberine (42/4) | Placebo (42/12) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Lili Liu | China | 2018 | 18–70 | 18–70 | Berberine (47/7) | Placebo (44/15) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| D Mansouri | UK | 2013 | 50–74 | 50–75 | Statins (621/295) | Aspirin (451/216) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Ali A. Siddiqui | USA | 2009 | 62.2 ±10.9 | 64.0 ±10.0 | Statins (1688/583) | Aspirin (1632/668) | Colonoscopy | Cohort study |
| Thomas Broughton | UK | 2013 | 63.8 ±12.2 | 64.2 ±11.5 | Statins (68/21) | Aspirin (43/23) | Colonoscopy | RCT |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs (16/13) | ||||||||
| Metformin (18/8) | ||||||||