Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | Total (N = 632) | NAFLD (N = 176) | Normal (N = 456) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 64.81 (9.81) | 62.48 (10.51) | 65.71 (9.39) | < 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 269 (42.56) | 69 (39.20) | 200 (43.86) | 0.29 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.26 (3.38) | 25.64 (3.69) | 23.73 (3.09) | < 0.01 |
| Smoke, n (%) | 134 (21.20) | 34 (19.32) | 100 (21.32) | 0.47 |
| Persistent AF, n (%) | 275 (43.51) | 76 (43.18) | 199 (43.64) | 0.92 |
| SBP, mmHg | 128 (19) | 130 (19) | 126 (19) | 0.02 |
| DBP, mmHg | 73 (14) | 77 (14) | 76 (14) | 0.81 |
| Duration of AF, months | 34.31 (48.57) | 37.87 (56.42) | 32.94 (45.18) | 0.72 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| AST, mmol/L | 23.52 (19.29–28.71) | 24.93 (20.10–30.38) | 23.19 (18.93–28.06) | 0.04 |
| ALT, mmol/L | 20.04 (13.80–28.76) | 23.30 (17.01–33.76) | 18.73 (13.06–26.53) | < 0.01 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.24 (1.06) | 4.59 (1.18) | 4.10 (0.98) | < 0.01 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.23 (0.90–1.71) | 1.62 (1.11–2.38) | 1.14 (0.86–1.53) | < 0.01 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.16 (0.31) | 1.08 (0.30) | 1.19 (0.32) | < 0.01 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.49 (0.83) | 2.78 (0.95) | 2.38 (0.76) | < 0.01 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.13 (4.62–5.88) | 5.62 (4.88–6.89) | 5.02 (4.55–5.61) | < 0.01 |
| HbA1C | 5.80 (5.50–6.10) | 5.90 (5.50–6.45) | 5.70 (5.40–6.00) | < 0.01 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 83.02 (21.65) | 85.75 (21.90) | 81.95 (21.48) | 0.05 |
| UA, mmol/L | 377.33 (103.78) | 394.59 (104.08) | 370.62 (103.00) | < 0.01 |
| HSI | 31.51 (4.89) | 33.80 (5.61) | 30.62 (4.26) | < 0.01 |
| TyG index | 8.61 (0.62) | 9.00 (0.69) | 8.46 (0.53) | < 0.01 |
| Chronic disease, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 359 (56.80) | 107 (60.80) | 252 (55.26) | 0.21 |
| Diabetes | 133 (21.04) | 63 (35.80) | 70 (15.35) | < 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 267 (42.25) | 108 (61.36) | 159 (34.78) | < 0.01 |
The continuous variables are expressed as the mean (SD) for the normally distributed data or the median with an interquartile range for the nonnormally distributed data. The categorical variables are expressed as numbers (percentages)
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1C glycated hemoglobin, UA uric acid, TyG triglyceride–glucose, HSI hepatic steatosis index