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. 2023 Sep 19;23:439. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04434-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — MiRNome analysis. A Validation of presence and extraction procedure for plant miRNAs. After miRNA isolation from M. sylvestris flowers (left panel) and leaves (right panel) and retrotranscription reaction, PCR amplifications were carried out and the relative products fractioned on agarose gel and visualised under UV-light. The signals for the UniSp6 (the positive control of the retrotranscription kit), the plant 5S rRNA, and one out of two selected ubiquitous plant miRNAs (i.e., miR397-5p, and miR159) are shown. In addition, the absence of amplicons in the lanes of the negative controls (Neg 1 and Neg 2; see Materials and Methods section) can be noticed. (MW, molecular weight). The full-length image of the gel is reported in Supplemental material 3. B PCA graph based on presence and abundances of the miRNAs detected in the common mallow leaves (L, green) and flowers (F, violet). Red arrows indicate the effect of each miRNA on the first (PC1) and second (PC2) component. C PCoA graph based on the frequency of miRNAs present in M. sylvestris leaves (green spots) and flowers (violet spots). D Graph of the differential abundance for the miRNAs found in leaves (green bars) and flowers (violet bars) of the common mallow. The relative abundance is plotted in log10 on the y-axis. E Heatmap of the abundance of the the detected miRNAs in the different flower and leaf samples, with relative hierarchical clustering