Table 2.
Tuberculosis incidence rate in HIV-positive people in Sub-Saharan Africa: subgroup meta-analysis and heterogeneity analysis
| Categories | Subgroup | IR per 100 PY (95% CI) | Heterogeneity, p-value |
df |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| African subdivision | East Africa | 3.76(2.87, 4.77) | 99.79%, p < 0.001 | 26 |
| West Africa | 1.82 (1.02, 2.83) | 98.42%, p < 0.001 | 6 | |
| South Africa | 3.96 (2.43, 5.85) | 98.35%, p < 0.001 | 7 | |
| Central Africa | 7.70 (6.39, 9.24) | - | 0 | |
| country | Ethiopia | 4.84 (2.92,7.22 | 99.16%, p < 0.001 | 16 |
| Tanzania | 1.42 (0.32, 3.29) | 99.97%, p < 0.001 | 3 | |
| Nigeria | 1.51(0.38, 3.38) | - | 2 | |
| South Africa | 4.09 (2.42, 6.17) | 98.59%, p < 0.001 | 6 | |
| Senegal | 2.31(1.71, 3.1) | - | 0 | |
| West Africa | 3.33 (2.89, 3.83) | - | 0 | |
| Togo | 2.20 (1.31, 3.66) | - | 0 | |
| Uganda | 2.81(0.59, 6.54) | 99.24%, p < 0.001 | 3 | |
| Central Africa Republic | 7.70 (6.39, 9.24) | - | 0 | |
| Uganda and Zimbabwe | 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) | - | 0 | |
| Burkina Faso | 0.9 (0.72, 1.14) | - | 0 | |
| Botswana | 3.04 (1.78, 5.13) | - | 0 | |
| Mozambique | 5.4 (3.94, 7.35) | - | 0 | |
| Study design | Retrospective | 3.43 (2.73, 4.2) | 99.63%, p < 0.001 | 30 |
| Prospective | 3.81 (2.9, 4.84) | 99.04%, p < 0.001 | 9 | |
| Randomized | 2.37 (1.96, 2.81) | - | 1 | |
| Publication year | 2000–2010 | 3.32 (2.02, 4.93) | 97.28%, p < 0.001 | 7 |
| 2011–2015 | 4.49 (3.24, 5.94) | 99.38%, p < 0.001 | 5 | |
| 2016–2019 | 3.29 (1.96, 4.95) | 99.73%, p < 0.001 | 15 | |
| 2020–2022 | 3.42 (2.32, 4.72) | 99.23%, p < 0.001 | 12 | |
| Duration of follow-up | ≥ 5 years | 3.62 (2.41, 5.08) | 99.81%, p < 0.001 | 25 |
| < 5 years | 3.23 (2.62, 3.91) | 98.99%, p < 0.001 | 16 | |
| Target population | Children | 3.42 (1.78, 5.57) | 98.49%, p < 0.001 | 8 |
| Adults | 3.79 (2.63, 5.15) | 99.78%, p < 0.001 | 29 |
IR Incidence rate, PY Person-year, df degree of freedom