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. 2023 May 23;18(8):986–995. doi: 10.1177/17474930231175807

Table 1.

Endpoints by anticoagulant medication.

Warfarin (n = 8233)
DOAC
(n = 21,585)
No-OAC (n = 2445)
Incidence Incidence aHR
(95% Cl)
Incidence aHR
(95% Cl)
Ischemic stroke
 Overall 1.50 1.09 0.82 (0.70–0.97) * 1.74 1.62 (1.24–2.13) *
 Fatal 0.25 0.13 0.67 (0.43–1.02) 0.22 1.60 (0.77–3.33)
 Without home discharge 1.08 0.66 0.72 (0.59–0.88) * 1.17 1.54 (1.11–2.14) *
Intracranial hemorrhage
 Overall 1.03 0.67 0.68 (0.55–0.83) * 0.61 0.62 (0.40–0.94) *
 Fatal 0.22 0.09 0.46 (0.28–0.75) * 0.16 0.72 (0.31–1.69)
 Without home discharge 0.72 0.44 0.66 (0.52–0.84) * 0.52 0.74 (0.46–1.17)
 Requiring surgery 0.23 0.14 0.64 (0.42–0.99) * 0.22 1.03 (0.49–2.16)
Intracerebral hemorrhage
 Overall 0.37 0.30 0.85 (0.62–1.18) 0.20 0.55 (0.27–1.13)
 Fatal 0.11 0.05 0.56 (0.29–1.10) 0.09 0.93 (0.30–2.92)
 Requiring surgery 0.03 0.03 0.77 (0.26–2.30) 0.07 1.62 (0.36–7.43)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
 Overall 0.13 0.11 0.94 (0.55–1.62) 0.13 1.20 (0.46–3.11)
 Fatal 0.06 0.02 0.30 (0.11–0.82) * 0.04 0.81 (0.16–4.09)
 Requiring surgery 0.01 0.01 1.80 (0.21–15.47) 0.02 2.38 (0.13–44.05)
Subdural/epidural hemorrhage
 Overall 0.49 0.25 0.53 (0.39–0.72) * 0.27 0.59 (0.31–1.10)
 Fatal 0.05 0.02 0.45 (0.15–1.31) 0.02 0.45 (0.05–3.93)
 Requiring surgery 0.19 0.10 0.55 (0.33–0.90) * 0.16 0.93 (0.39–2.22)

DOAC: direct oral anticoagulant; HR: hazard ratio, OAC: oral anticoagulant.

Incidences are described as “per 100 person-years.” Adjusted by sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, creatinine clearance, type of AF, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, severe hepatic disease, heart failure, gastrointestinal disease, active cancer, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, thromboembolic disease, major bleeding, fall, catheter ablation, antiplatelet agents, antiarrhythmic drugs, proton pump inhibitors, P-glycoprotein inhibitors, and polypharmacy (⩾ 5 medications).

*

p < 0.05.