Table 2.
Baseline patient characteristics, angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes comparison between derivation and validation groups.
| Derivation set (n = 361) | Validation set (n = 179) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 64.5 ± 11 | 66.4 ± 10.6 | 0.053 |
| Female | 54 (15%) | 30 (16.8%) | 0.6 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 28.6 ± 4.5 | 29.11 ± 4.9 | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 92 (25.5%) | 44 (24.6%) | 0.82 |
| Diabetes | 196 (54.3%) | 98 (54.7%) | 0.92 |
| Dyslipidemia | 109 (30.2%) | 49 (27.4%) | 0.5 |
| Smoking | 215 (59.6%) | 107 (59.8%) | 0.96 |
| Previous MI | 160 (44.3%) | 85 (47.5%) | 0.49 |
| Previous CABG | 30 (8.3%) | 13 (7.3%) | 0.67 |
| MD | 229 (63.4%) | 114 (63.7%) | 0.95 |
| Target vessel: | 0.94 | ||
| LAD | 119 (33%) | 59 (33%) | |
| LCX | 65 (18%) | 34 (19%) | |
| RCA | 166 (46%) | 83 (46.4%) | |
| DG | 5 (1.4%) | 2 (1.1%) | |
| LM | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| RI | 3 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| SVG | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Ejection fraction < 40% | 56 (15.5%) | 24 (13.4%) | 0.52 |
| J-CTO score | 1.31 ± 1.11 | 1.33 ± 1.14 | 0.84 |
| E-CTO score | 1 ± 0.99 | 1 ± 0.96 | 0.83 |
| Retrograde | 54 (15.2%) | 28 (15.6%) | 0.44 |
| Procedure time [min] | 157 ± 78 | 151 ± 67 | 0.4 |
| Fluoroscopy time [min] | 71 ± 45 | 71 ± 44 | 0.97 |
| Contrast medium | 256 ± 99 | 249 ± 76 | 0.43 |
| Procedural success | 285 (78.9%) | 145 (81%) | 0.57 |
| In-hospital death | 3 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.55 |
| Perforation | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 |
| MV complication | 3 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.55 |
| MI | 8 (2.2%) | 4 (2.2%) | 1 |
BMI — body mass index; CABG — coronary artery bypass graft; DG — diagonal artery; E-CTO — operator experience-chronic total occlusion; LAD — left anterior descending coronary artery; LCX — left circumflex; LM — left main; MI — myocardial infarction; MD — multivessel disease; MV complication — major vascular complication; RCA — right coronary artery; RI — ramus intermedius; SVG — saphenous vein graft