Search	Query	Total, n
1	(MH “Back Pain+” OR MH “Back Injuries” OR MH “Spinal Diseases” OR MH “Intervertebral Disk Displacement” OR MH “Spondylarthritis” OR MH “Osteoarthritis, Spine” OR MH “Spondylarthropathies” OR MH “Spondylosis+” OR MH “Spinal Stenosis” OR MH “Neuralgia+” OR MH “Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction” OR MH “Lumbar Vertebrae” OR MH “Intervertebral Disk” OR MH “Zygapophyseal Joint” OR (“musculoskeletal pain*” AND (“back” OR “spine” OR “spinal”)) OR “spinal pain*” OR “back disorder*” OR “back pain” OR “back pains” OR “back injur*” OR “backache*” OR “back ache*” OR “back strain*” OR “back sprain*” OR “failed back” OR “lumbago” OR ((“lumbar” OR “lumbosacral*” OR “lumbo sacral*” OR “lower back”) N5 (“pain” OR “pains” OR “painful” OR “stenosis” OR “stenosis” OR “radiculopathy” OR “instability” OR “instabilities” OR “strain” OR “strains”)) OR “lumbar dysfunction” OR ((“disc” OR “discs” OR “disk” OR “disks”) N5 (“herniated” OR “herniation” OR “herniations” OR “degenerative” OR “degeneration” OR “prolapse*”)) OR “coccydynia” OR “spondylarth*” OR “spondylisthesis” OR “spondylo*” OR “sciatica” OR “facet joint*” OR “zygapophyseal joint*”)	77277
2	(((MH “Physical Therapy” OR “physical therap*” OR “physiotherap*”) AND “exercis*”) OR MH “Therapeutic Exercise+” OR ((“exercise*” OR “exercising” OR “program*” OR “train*”) AND (MH “Abdominal Muscles+” OR “abdominal muscle*” OR “back muscle*” OR “core” OR MH “Multifidus Muscles” OR “multifidus” OR “paraspinal” OR “transversus” OR “trunk” OR “coordination” OR “dynamic” OR “endurance” OR “extension” OR “isometric*” OR “motor control” OR MH “Muscle Contraction” OR “resistance” OR “stabili*” OR “strengthen*” OR “targeted”)) OR “abdominal exercise*” “active exercise*” OR “back exercise*” OR “exercise intervention*” OR “exercise therap*” OR “therapeutic exercise*” OR “Alexander” OR “core stabili*” OR “dynamic sit*” OR “functional restoration” OR “functional technique*” OR MH “Functional Training” OR “lateral slid*” OR “motor training” OR “multidisciplinary rehabilitation” OR (“neuromuscular” AND “facilitation”) OR “Swiss ball*” OR “biofeedback” OR “feedback” OR “reeducation”)	195780
3	(MH “Randomized Controlled Trials+”) OR (MH “Systematic Review”) OR (MH “Meta Analysis”) OR (MH “Meta Synthesis”) OR (MH “Systematic Review”) OR (MH “Placebos”) OR (ZT “randomized controlled trial”) OR (ZT “Systematic Review”) OR (ZT “Meta Analaysis”) OR (ZT “Practice Guideline”) OR (MH “Placebos”) OR randomized OR randomised OR randomization OR randomisation OR placebo OR randomly OR “single blind” OR “single blinded” OR “double blind” OR “double blinded” OR systematic OR systematically OR meta-analysis OR meta-synthesis OR meta-analyses OR meta-syntheses OR “meta analysis” OR “meta synthesis” OR “meta analyses” OR “meta syntheses” OR metaanalysis OR metaanalyses OR meta-analytic OR “meta analytic” OR metaanalytic OR “umbrella review” OR “umbrella reviews” OR “scoping review” OR “scoping reviews” OR “rapid review” OR “rapid reviews” OR “practice guideline” OR “clinical guideline” OR ((review OR reviews OR reviewed OR search OR searches OR searched OR searching OR handsearch OR handsearched) AND (“inclusion criteri*” OR “exclusion criteri*” OR references OR papers OR articles OR publications OR studies OR trials OR datasets OR databases))	970179
4	1 AND 2 AND 3	2217