Search	Query	Total, n
1	(‘backache’/de OR ‘failed back surgery syndrome’/de OR ‘discogenic pain’/de OR ‘diskitis’/de OR ‘intervertebral disk degeneration’/de OR ‘lumbar disk hernia’/exp OR ‘low back pain’/de OR ‘musculoskeletal pain’/de OR ‘spondylosis’/de OR ‘spine disease’/de OR ‘vertebral canal stenosis’/de OR ‘lumbar spinal stenosis’/de OR ‘spondylolysis’/de OR ‘spondylosis’/de OR ‘sciatic neuropathy’/de OR ‘back disorder*’ OR ‘back injur*’ OR ‘back sprain*’ OR ‘failed back’ OR ((‘disc’ OR ‘discs’ OR ‘disk’ OR ‘disks’) NEAR/4 (‘herniated’ OR ‘herniation’ OR ‘herniations’ OR ‘degenerative’ OR ‘degeneration’ OR ‘prolapse*’ OR ‘protrusion*’)) OR ((‘lumbar’ OR ‘lumbosacral*’ OR ‘lumbo sacral*’ OR ‘lower back’ OR ‘low back’) NEAR/4 (‘pain’ OR ‘pains’ OR ‘painful’ OR ‘stenosis’ OR ‘stenoses’ OR ‘radiculopath*’ OR ‘instability’ OR ‘instabilities’ OR ‘strain*’ OR ‘strains*’)) OR ‘spondylo*’ OR ‘sciatica’ OR ‘Coccydynia’ OR ‘intervertebral disk’/de OR ‘lumbar vertebra’/de OR ‘fifth lumbar vertebra’/de OR ‘first lumbar vertebra’/de OR ‘forth lumbar vertebra’/de OR ‘second lumbar vertebra’/de OR ‘third lumbar vertebra’/de OR ‘spondylarthritis’/de OR ‘spondyloarthropathy’/de OR ‘spondylolisthesis’/de OR ‘zygapophyseal joint’/de OR ‘back pain*’ OR ‘backache*’ OR ‘back ache*’ OR ‘spinal pain’ OR ‘Zygapophyseal Joint*’ OR ‘Facet joint*’)	248715
2	(accuracy*:ab,ti OR ‘algorithm’/de OR ‘classification algorithm’/de OR algorithm*:ab,ti OR classif*:ab,ti OR ‘clinical exam*’:ab,ti OR ‘physical exam*’:ab,ti OR screening:ab,ti OR cluster*:ab,ti OR cohort*:ab,ti OR ‘cohort analysis’/de OR subgroup*:ab,ti OR diagnose:ab,ti OR diagnosing:ab,ti OR ‘statistical model’/de OR predict*:ab,ti OR prognos* OR reliability:ab,ti OR ‘sensitivity analys*’:ab,ti OR ‘sensitivity and specificity’/de OR specificity:ab,ti OR ‘severity of illness index’/de OR validat*:ab,ti OR validity*:ab,ti OR ‘treatment failure’/de AND (chiropract* OR ‘physical therap*’ OR physiotherap* OR ‘physiotherapy’/exp OR ‘primary care’ OR ‘primary health care’ OR ‘primary healthcare’) OR ‘classification’/de OR ‘clinical classification’/de OR ‘international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps’/de OR ‘nursing classification’/exp OR ‘back screen*’:ab,ti OR categorize:ab,ti OR categorization:ab,ti OR (classif*:ab,ti AND (‘disability’/exp OR ‘evidence based’:ab,ti OR functioning:ab,ti OR gait OR impairment*:ab,ti OR mechanism*:ab,ti OR ‘motor activity’/de OR ‘motor control*’:ab,ti OR movement* OR walking OR pathoanatom*:ab,ti OR psychological:ab,ti OR psychosocial:ab,ti OR rehabilitation:ab,ti OR ‘treatment based’:ab,ti OR cognitive:ab,ti OR multidimensional:ab,ti OR clinical:ab,ti)) OR ‘classification based’:ab,ti OR ‘classification scheme*’:ab,ti OR ‘classification system*’:ab,ti OR ‘clinical decision*’:ab,ti OR ‘clinical pathway*’:ab,ti OR ‘clinical prediction*’:ab,ti OR ‘cluster analysis’/de OR ‘cluster analys*’:ab,ti OR ‘decision making’/exp OR ‘decision rule*’:ab,ti OR ‘decision support’:ab,ti OR ‘decision support system’/de OR ‘diagnostic classification’:ab,ti OR ‘self evaluation’/de OR ‘disability evaluation*’:ab,ti OR ‘exercise test’/de OR ‘exercise test*’:ab,ti OR ‘movement test*’:ab,ti OR icf:ab,ti OR ‘mechanical diagnosis’:ab,ti OR ‘anamnesis’/de OR ‘history taking’:ab,ti OR mckenzie:ab,ti OR ‘movement system*’:ab,ti OR ‘palpation’/de OR ‘physical examination’/de OR ‘predictive model*’:ab,ti OR stratif*:ab,ti OR ‘sub classification*’:ab,ti OR subclassification*:ab,ti OR (subgroup*:ab,ti AND (‘disability’/exp OR ‘exercise’/exp OR exercise*:ab,ti OR manipulation*:ab,ti OR impairment*:ab,ti OR ‘movement (physiology)’/exp OR movement*:ab,ti OR prognos*:ab,ti OR predictor*:ab,ti OR rehabilitation:ab,ti OR cognitive:ab,ti OR multidimensional:ab,ti OR clinical:ab,ti)) OR ‘sub group*’:ab,ti OR subgrouping*:ab,ti OR ‘targeted treatment*’:ab,ti)	2179445
3	‘randomized controlled trial’/exp OR ‘randomized controlled trial topic’/exp OR ‘meta analysis’/exp OR ‘meta analysis topic’/exp OR ‘systematic review topic’/exp OR ‘practice guideline’/exp OR ‘controlled clinical trial’/exp OR randomized:ab,ti OR randomised:ab,ti OR randomization:ab,ti OR randomisation:ab,ti OR placebo:ab,ti OR randomly:ab,ti OR ‘single blind’:ab,ti OR ‘single blinded’:ab,ti OR ‘double blind’:ab,ti OR ‘double blinded’:ab,ti OR systematic:ab,ti OR systematically:ab,ti OR meta-analysis:ab,ti OR meta-synthesis:ab,ti OR meta-analyses:ab,ti OR meta-syntheses:ab,ti OR ‘meta analysis’:ab,ti OR ‘meta synthesis’:ab,ti OR ‘meta analyses’:ab,ti OR ‘meta syntheses’:ab,ti OR metaanalysis:ab,ti OR metaanalyses:ab,ti OR meta-analytic:ab,ti OR ‘meta analytic’:ab,ti OR metaanalytic:ab,ti OR ‘umbrella review’:ab,ti OR ‘umbrella reviews’:ab,ti OR ‘scoping review’:ab,ti OR ‘scoping reviews’:ab,ti OR ‘rapid review’:ab,ti OR ‘rapid reviews’:ab,ti OR ‘practice guideline’:ab,ti OR ‘clinical guideline’:ab,ti OR ((review:ab,ti OR reviews:ab,ti OR reviewed:ab,ti OR search:ab,ti OR searches:ab,ti OR searched:ab,ti OR searching:ab,ti OR handsearch:ab,ti OR handsearched:ab,ti) AND (‘inclusion criteri*’:ab,ti OR ‘exclusion criteri*’:ab,ti OR references:ab,ti OR papers:ab,ti OR articles:ab,ti OR publications:ab,ti OR studies:ab,ti OR trials:ab,ti OR datasets:ab,ti OR databases:ab,ti))	3430175
4	1 AND 2 AND 3	8059