TABLE 3.

Summary of published series of intraoperative rapid molecular detection

Correlational research	Detection method	Detection indexa	Number of cases	Detection duration	Lower limit of detectionb	Sample	Measurement	Clinical transformation/commercialization
Kanamori, et al (2014)14	FMCA-Cold PCR	IDH1/2	28 (intraoperative)	60–65 min	–	Tumor	Accuracy: 100%	N
Santagata, et al (2014)15	DESI-MS	2-HG	35 (intraoperative)	>10 min	3 μmol/g	Tumor	Accuracy: 100%	Y
Shankar, et al (2015)16	PNA/LNA-PCR (OperaGen)	IDH1 R132H/L/C/G/S TERTp	190 (frozen + archived fixed)	<60 min	Allele content>0.1%	Tumor	Sensitivity: 96% Specificity: 100%	Y
Ohka, et al (2017)17	I-Densy-Regular PCR	IDH1 R132H	11 (intraoperative)	90–100 min	3.25 ng/μL	Tumor/CSF	Accuracy: 100%	Y
Xu, et al (2019)18	GC-MS	2-HG	220 (frozen) + 87 (intraoperative)	40 min	5.4 μM/g−2 mM/g	Tumor	Accuracy: 100%	N
Brown, et al (2019)19	Mini-MS	2-HG	25 (biopsy)	3 min	-	Tumor	Accuracy: 100%	Y
Alfaro,et al (2019)10	DESI-MS	2-HG	37 (frozen) + 25 (biopsy)	5 min	>100 ng/mg	Tumor	Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 100%	Y
Sim, et al (2019)20	HPLC-MS/MS	2-HG/R-2-HG/S-2-HG	87 (intraoperative)	60 min	10 ng/mL	Tumor	Sensitivity: 97% Specificity: 100%	N
Diplas, et al (2019)21	LNA-PCR (GliomaDx)	IDH1/2 TERTp	39 (frozen)	<60 min	10 ng/mL	Tumor	Sensitivity: 99%–100%	Y
Avsar, et al (2020)22	3m-ARMS	IDH1/2	236 (frozen)	60 min	<100 fg	Tumor/CSF/blood	Accuracy: 98.3% NPV: 100%	N
Fujioka, (2021)23	Digital PCR	IDH/TERTp/H3	34 (intraoperative) + 11 (preoperative CSF)	110–147 min	20 ng/mL	CSF	FP = 0	Y
Our research	AIGS-Realtime PCR	IDH1 R132H/L/C/G/S TERTp	105 (frozen) + 37 (intraoperative)	59.2 min	500 copies/mL	Tumor	Accuracy: 100%	Y

AIGS, automatic integrated gene detection system; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase.

^aThe detection index is only based on the test results of the number of cases included in the author's article.

^bThe difference in the measurement unit of the lower limit of detection is caused by the difference in detection technology and the detection method.