Table 2 . Applications and adverse effects of the main anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies.

References	Antibody / drug	Indications	ADEs
Garon et al. (2015) 43 Martin-Liberal, et al. (2015) 48 Ribas et al. (2016) 49 Springman et al. (2020) 50	Anti-PD-1 Pembrolizumab	Melanoma, NSCLC, TCC, gastric cancer, cHL, RCC, HNSCC, esophageal cancer, CRC, endometrial cancer, HCC	Fatigue, cough, nausea, pruritus, skin rash, decreased appetite, cold, arthralgia, diarrhea, infections
Robert et al. (2015) 45 Guo, Zhang, Chen (2017) 51 Elias et al. (2017) 52 Springman et al. (2020) 50	Anti-PD-1 Nivolumab	Melanoma, NSCLC, TCC, gastric cancer, cHL, RCC, HNSCC, esophageal cancer, HCC, MPM	Skin rash, fatigue, dyspnoea, myalgia, decreased appetite, cough, nausea, cold
Schmid et al. (2018) 46 Elias et al. (2017) 52 Tie et al. (2019) 53	Anti-PD-L1 Atezolizumab	Breast cancer, NSCLC, TCC	Fatigue, decreased appetite, dyspnoea, cough, nausea, myalgia, cold, urinary infection, hypothyroidism, alopecia
Migden et al. (2018)47 Goodman (2022)54 Sezer et al. (2021)55	Anti-PD-1 Cemiplimab	BCC, SCC	Diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, cold, chills, cough, diarrhea, pyrexia, hoarseness, pruritus, skin rash, backache

ADEs: adverse drug effects; NSCLC: non-small cell lung carcinoma; TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; cHL: classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell cancer; CRC: colorectal cancer; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; MPM: malignant pleural mesothelioma; BCC: basal cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma. Source: Authors (2023).