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. 2023 Sep;29(9):1033–1044. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.9.1033

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Patients Whose Electronic Health Records Were Available and Abstracted

Characteristic Total (n = 303) Insufficient notesa (n = 30) DMD (n = 216) BMD (n = 34) DBMD (n = 7) Otherb (n = 16)
Age, years, mean (SD) 14.8 (8.3) 13.1 (9.3) 14.4 (7.8) 15.8 (9.3) 20.0 (8.0) 19.4 (10.0)
Race and ethnicity, n (%)
  Non-Hispanic White 187 (61.7) 23 (76.7) 127 (58.8) 23 (67.7) 5 (71.4) 9 (56.3)
  Hispanic 36 (11.9) 2 (6.7) 27 (12.5) 2 (5.9) 1 (14.3) 4 (25.0)
  Non-Hispanic Asian 13 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 11 (5.1) 2 (5.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
  Non-Hispanic Black 9 (3.0) 2 (6.7) 7 (3.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
  Other/unknown 58 (19.1) 3 (10.0) 44 (20.4) 7 (20.6) 1 (14.3) 3 (18.8)
Geographic region, n (%)
  Midwest 118 (38.9) 14 (46.7) 77 (35.7) 18 (52.9) 5 (71.4) 4 (25.0)
  Northeast 83 (27.4) 7 (23.3) 55 (25.5) 11 (32.4) 1 (14.3) 9 (56.3)
  West 75 (24.8) 2 (6.7) 65 (30.1) 5 (14.7) 1 (14.3) 2 (12.5)
  South 23 (7.6) 5 (16.7) 17 (7.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.3)
  Other 4 (1.3) 2 (6.7) 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Insurance type, n (%)
  Medicaid 152 (50.2) 11 (36.7) 114 (52.8) 16 (47.1) 4 (57.1) 7 (43.8)
  Commercial 130 (42.9) 16 (53.3) 89 (41.2) 17 (50) 2 (28.6) 6 (37.5)
  Medicare 6 (2.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (1.9) 0 (0).0 1 (14.3) 1 (6.3)
  Unknown 15 (5.0) 3 (10.0) 9 (4.2) 1 (2.9) 0 (0.0) 2 (12.5)
Charlson Comorbidity Index score category, n (%)
  0 180 (59.4) 22 (73.3) 122 (56.5) 20 (58.8) 6 (85.7) 10 (62.5)
  1-2 84 (27.7) 5 (16.7) 64 (29.6) 12 (35.3) 0 (0.0) 3 (18.8)
  3-4 32 (10.6) 2 (6.7) 25 (11.6) 2 (5.9) 1 (14.3) 2 (12.5)
  5+ 7 (2.3) 1 (3.3) 5 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.3)
Pediatric CCC index score category, n (%)
  0 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
  1-2 202 (66.7) 24 (80.0) 139 (64.4) 21 (61.8) 6 (85.7) 12 (75.0)
  3+ 101 (33.3) 6 (20.0) 77 (35.7) 13 (38.2) 1 (14.3) 4 (25.0)
Pediatric CCC, n (%)
  Cardiovascular 126 (41.6) 7 (23.3) 96 (44.4) 16 (47.1) 3 (42.9) 4 (25.0)
  Respiratory 73 (24.1) 3 (10.0) 62 (28.7) 4 (11.8) 0 (0.0) 4 (25.0)
  Technology dependence 61 (20.1) 4 (13.3) 51 (23.6) 3 (8.8) 0 (0.0) 3 (18.8)
  Other congenital or genetic defect 51 (16.8) 5 (16.7) 40 (18.5) 2 (5.9) 0 (0.0) 4 (25.0)
  Gastrointestinal 38 (12.5) 3 (10.0) 32 (14.8) 1 (2.9) 0 (0.0) 2 (12.5)
  Metabolic 38 (12.5) 2 (6.7) 21 (9.7) 12 (35.3) 1 (14.3) 2 (12.5)
  Renal and urologic 14 (4.6) 1 (3.3) 11 (5.1) 1 (2.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.3)
  Hematologic or immunologic 8 (2.6) 1 (3.3) 3 (1.4) 3 (8.8) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.3)
  Malignancy 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.3)
  Transplant 3 (1.0) 1 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (5.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Mental health and cognitive conditions, n (%)
  Depression/anxiety, including OCD 57 (18.8) 6 (20.0) 42 (19.4) 4 (11.8) 2 (28.6) 3 (18.8)
  Learning disabilities, including dyslexia/dyscalculia 54 (17.8) 8 (26.7) 34 (15.7) 7 (20.6) 1 (14.3) 4 (25.0)
  ADHD 33 (10.9) 7 (23.3) 23 (10.7) 3 (8.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
  Autism 27 (8.9) 4 (13.3) 17 (7.9) 4 (11.8) 2 (28.6) 0 (0.0)

a Electronic health record contained insufficient notes to determine DMD diagnosis status.

b Includes undetermined diagnoses and conditions, such as LAMA2-associated MD, nonspecific limb-girdle MD, limb-girdle/Emery-Dreifuss MD, merosin-negative MD, POMT1 MD, Ulrich MD, and cerebral palsy.

BMD = Becker muscular dystrophy; CCC = complex chronic conditions; DBMD = Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy; DMD = Duchenne muscular dystrophy; MD = muscular dystrophy.