Table 3:

Summary of the imaging systems, phantoms, and prescan procedures used at sites currently performing HP ¹³C-pyruvate human studies. These were obtained from a survey of all sites performing clinical trials with HP [1-¹³C]pyruvate. *Previously performed studies with a Siemens 3T Tim Trio. The imaging systems, phantoms, and prescan procedures reported in the reviewed papers are shown in Supporting Table S1.

Site	Primary Imaging System	13C Receive Channels	13C Peak Power [kW]	Phantom(s) - during study	Phantom(s) - before study	13C Frequency Calibration	Shimming	13C RF Transmit Power Calibration	13C RF Receive Gain Calibration
1	Philips 1.5T Achieva and 3T Ingenia	8	4	13C-urea, 13C-pyruvate, 13C-acetate, 13C-acetate, tubes	13C-urea, tube	Derived from 1H	Auto shimming	Power sweep on phantom before study	Not required
2	GE 3T Discovery MR750w	8	8	None	13C-urea doped with Gd, tube	Derived from 1H	Auto shimming	Bloch-Siegert	None
3	GE 3T Discovery MR750	8	8	13C-urea doped with Gd, sphere	13C-urea doped with Gd, sphere	Predetermined frequency	Auto shimming	Power sweep	Empirical
4	GE 3T Discovery MR750w	8	8	[1-13C]lactate doped with Gd None	13C-bicarbonate	Derived from 1H	PRESS box shim	Power sweep	Empirical
5	GE 3T Discovery MR750	32	8	13C-bicarbonate doped with Gd, sphere	ethylene glycol, head shape ethylene glycol, bottle dimethyl silicone, sphere & cuboid	Derived from 1H	Auto shimming High order shimming	Bloch-Siegert	Empirical
6	GE 3T Discovery MR750 and GE3TSigna PET/MR	32	8	13C-bicarbonate doped with Gd, sphere 13C-urea doped with Gd, bottle or Eppendorf tube	dimethyl silicone, various shapes 13C-bicarbonate doped with Gd, sphere 13C-urea doped with Gd, bottle or Eppendorftube	Derived from 1H	Auto shimming over PRESS box (breast, prostate) Auto shimming (abdomen) High order shimming (brain)	Bloch-Siegert	Empirical
7	GE 3T Discovery MR750w	8	8	13C-urea doped with Gd ethylene glycol	13C-urea doped with Gd, tube	Derived from 1H	Auto shimming followed by manual linear shimming	Power sweep	Empirical
8	GE 3T Signa Premier*	32	8	13C-urea doped with Gd, tube	ethylene glycol	Establishing protocol	Establishing protocol	Establishing protocol	Establishing Protocol
9	GE 3T Discovery MR750	32	11	13C-urea doped with Gd, tube	13C-urea doped with Gd, sphere ethylene glycol, head shape dimethyl silicone, sphere & cuboid	Derived from 1H	Auto shimming Specialized shimming	Power sweep	Empirical
10	Siemens 3T Biograph mMR	12		13C-urea doped with Gd, tube	13C-urea doped with Gd, tube ethylene glycol	Based on 13C phantom	Auto shimming	Power sweep	Automatic
11	GE 3T Signa Premier	32	8	13C-urea doped with Gd, tube	dimethyl silicone, cylinders	Based on 13C phantom	Auto shimming	RF pulse sweep	Maximum values
12	GE 3T Discovery MR750	8	8	13C-urea in D2O doped with Gd	dimethyl silicone, various shapes ethylene glycol, various shapes	Derived from 1H	Auto shimming	Power sweep Bloch-Siegert	Maximum values
13	GE 3T Discovery MR750w	8	8	13C-urea doped with Gd	ethylene glycol, sphere	Based on 13C phantom	Auto shimming	Bloch-Siegert, checked with power sweep	Maximum values