TABLE 2.
Mean All-Cause and SLE-Related Costs by Health Care Setting Costs and Disease Severity
| Commercial patients (n = 22,385) | Medicare patients (n = 2,035) | Medicaid patients (n = 8,083) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild disease | Moderate disease | Severe disease | Mild disease | Moderate disease | Severe disease | Mild disease | Moderate disease | Severe disease | ||||
| All-cause health care costs | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient costs, mean (SD) | 1,259 (7,984) | 3,556 (18,012) | 16,416 (80,705) | —a | 3,609 (17,443) | 5,689 (25,514) | 20,302 (59,555) | —a | 851 (9,532) | 3,526 (24,637) | 12,634 (56,481) | —a |
| Outpatient costs, mean (SD) | 5,945 (12,330) | 10,707 (21,499) | 34,783 (74,013) | —a | 9,214 (17,559) | 16,090 (33,690) | 38,289 (92,466) | —a | 2,573 (5,666) | 5,082 (10,580) | 10,426 (18,010) | —a |
| Pharmacy costs,b mean (SD) | 2,543 (9,659) | 5,304 (19,282) | 12,565 (49,324) | —a | 3,451 (4,912) | 6,758 (14,728) | 9,662 (18,010) | —a | 1,722 (11,329) | 3,150 (14,430) | 6,717 (40,735) | —a |
| Total health care costs, mean (SD) | 9,746 (19,332) | 19,567 (37,431) | 63,765 (127,142) | —a | 16,273 (28,454) | 28,537 (50,050) | 68,253 (119,932) | —a | 5,146 (17,243) | 11,758 (33,777) | 29,777 (76,397) | —a |
| SLE-related health care costs | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient costs,c mean (SD) | 193 (3,223) | 842 (6,995) | 4,872 (27,191) | —a | 813 (4,716) | 1,363 (9,623) | 4,518 (21,362) | —a | 153 (2,820) | 553 (5,283) | 3,417 (22,103) | —a |
| Outpatient costs,b mean (SD) | 1,032 (2,684) | 2,960 (14,724) | 12,920 (30,277) | —a | 669 (1,457) | 1,593 (7,744) | 5,281 (20,099) | —a | 530 (2,413) | 1,133 (3,725) | 2,427 8,756) | —a |
| Pharmacy costs, mean (SD) | 495 (686) | 1,365 (4,367) | 4,941 (15,632) | —a | 524 (723) | 1,176 (2,171) | 2,085 (10,213) | —a | 89 (296) | 556 (6,005) | 1,427 (13,037) | —a |
| Total health care costs,b mean (SD) | 1,738 (4,427) | 5,264 (17,222) | 23,030 (43,304) | —a | 2,024 (4,998) | 4,239 (12,572) | 12,264 (31,896) | —a | $787 (3,797) | 2,331 (9,619) | 7,572 (27,719) | —a |
a P < 0.05.
b Pharmacy cost does not include those dispensed in an inpatient setting (inpatient pharmacy costs are bundled with inpatient costs).
c “Comprehensive” SLE-related utilization and costs additionally include inpatient and ED claims for SLE-related comorbidities based on: Garris C, Shah M, Farrelly E. The prevalence and burden of SLE in a Medicare population: Retrospective analysis of Medicare claims. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2015;13:9.
ED = emergency department; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus.