Table 2.
Assessment of risk of bias for the included studies.
| References | Criteria | Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
| Bai et al. (14) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Bai et al. (10) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Bintang et al. (15) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Carr et al. (16) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Cichon et al. (9) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Cichon et al. (17) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Faulkner et al. (18) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Gambassi et al. (19) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Gjellesvik et al. (20) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| He et al. (21) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Hsu et al. (22) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Huang et al. (23) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Krawcyk et al. (24) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Lee et al. (25) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Lennon et al. (26) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Liang et al. (27) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Liu et al. (28) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Lu et al. (29) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| MacKay-Lyons et al. (30) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Mao et al. (31) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Qin et al. (32) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Tang et al. (33) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Utomo et al. (34) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Vahlberg et al. (35) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Wang et al. (36) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Wang et al. (37) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Wang et al. (38) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Wang et al. (39) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Wang et al. (40) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Wang et al. (41) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Wang et al. (42) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Xiong et al. (43) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Zhang et al. (44) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Zhang et al. (45) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Zhang et al. (46) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Zhao et al. (47) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Zhao et al. (48) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Criteria numbers: 1, eligibility criteria; 2, random allocation; 3, concealed allocation; 4, similar groups at baseline; 5, blinding subjects; 6, blinding therapists; 7, blinding assessors; 8, outcome obtained in more than 85% of the subjects; 9, intention-to-treat analysis; 10, between-group statistical comparisons; 11, point estimates and measures of variability.