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. 2023 Jul 20;71(10):595–628. doi: 10.1007/s11748-023-01945-4

Table 2.

Acquired (total, (1) + (2) + (4) + (5) + (6) + (7) + isolated operations for arrhythmia in (3); 38,592

(1) Valvular heart disease (total; 23,340)
Valve Cases Operation 30-Day mortality Hospital mortality Redo
Mechanical Bioprosthesis Repair Unknown With CABG Hospital After discharge Cases 30-Day mortality Hospital mortality
Replace Repair Replace Repair Replace Repair Hosipital After discharge
Isolated A 10,268 1,271 8,720 178 99 2489 175 (1.8) 4 (2.3) 2 (0.02) 0 294 (2.9) 5 (2.8) 670 31 (4.6) 0 45 (6.7)
M 5,239 428 970 3,810 31 560 56 (4.0) 30 (0.8) 2 (0.1) 0 89 (6.4) 47 (1.2) 620 25 (4.0) 0 38 (6.1)
T 629 6 107 511 5 58 2 (1.8) 18 (3.5) 0 0 7 (6.2) 32 (6.3) 122 7 (5.7) 0 15 (12.3)
P 31 0 26 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0
A+M 1,345 202 54 (4.0) 0 88 (6.5) 173 12 (6.9) 0 21 (12.1)
A 238 1057 42 8
M 160 463 714 8
A+T 564 94 10 (1.8) 0 30 (5.3) 77 2 (2.6) 0 6 (7.8)
A 61 485 11 7
T 2 12 547 3
M+T 4,033 327 58 (1.8) 1 (0.02) 99 (2.5) 466 16 (3.4) 0 23 (4.9)
M 378 1,118 2,519 18
T 1 51 3,961 20
A+M+T 1,143 122 42 (3.7) 0 70 (6.1) 111 5 (4.5) 0 12 (10.8)
A 161 945 26 11
M 112 436 589 6
T 2 3 1,135 3
Others 88 7 2 (2.3) 0 3 (3.4) 22 0 0 1 (4.6)
Unknown 4 6
Total 23,340 3859 456 (2.0) 5 (0.02) 770 (3.3) 2,280 98 (4.3) 0 161 (7.1)
( ), % mortality
TAVR Cases 30-day mortality
8664 103 (1.2)
(2) Ischemic heart disease (total, (A) + (B) ; 12,603)
(A) Isolated CABG (total; (a)+(b); 11307)
(a-1) On-pump arrest CABG (total;2491)
Primary, elective Primary, emergent Redo, elective Redo, emergent Artery only Artery +svg Svg only Others Unclear
Cases 30 Day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 Day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 Day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 day mortality Hospital mortality
Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge
1VD 45 11 4 0 18 29 10 2 1
2VD 273 2 (0.7) 2 (0.7) 47 3 (6.4) 5 (10.6) 2 0 37 257 23 3 2
3VD 926 8 (0.9) 1 (0.1) 13 (1.4) 130 9 (6.9) 12 (9.2) 2 0 45 946 47 6 14
LMT 781 10 (1.3) 20 (2.6) 240 14 (5.8) 22 (9.2) 5 0 60 890 60 9 7
No info 16 0 8 2 (25.0) 1 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 6 7 10 1 2
Total 2041 20 (1.0) 1 (0.0) 35 (1.7) 436 26 (6.0) 41 (9.4) 14 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 166 2129 150 21 26
Kawasaki 2 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
On dialysis 237 5 (2.1) 1 (0.4) 11 (4.6) 49 4 (8.2) 9 (18.4) 1 0 11 248 25 2 1
( ), % mortality
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; 1VD one-vessel disease; 2VD two-vessel disease; 3VD three-vessel disease; LMT left main trunk; SVG saphenous vein graft
(a-2) On-pump beating CABG (total;2,307)
Primary, elective Primary, emergent Redo, elective Redo, emergent Artery only Artery +svg Svg only Others Unclear
Cases 30 day Mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 day mortality Hospital mortality
Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge
1VD 28 0 (0.0) 10 1 (10.0) 2 (20.0) 3 1 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 14 19 8 0 1
2VD 211 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 49 10 (20.4) 14 (28.6) 2 0 46 186 24 1 5
3VD 765 14 (1.8) 2 (0.3) 24 (3.1) 187 13 (7.0) 22 (11.8) 9 1 (11.1) 1 (11.1) 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 72 841 36 9 4
LMT 676 5 (0.7) 14 (2.1) 330 14 (4.2) 27 (8.2) 10 1 (10.0) 2 2 (100.0) 2 (100.0) 127 834 50 2 5
no info 16 1 (6.3) 1 (6.3) 11 1 (9.1) 1 (9.1) 0 4 1 (25.0) 1 (25.0) 8 15 7 1 0
Total 1696 21 (1.2) 2 (0.1) 40 (2.4) 587 39 (6.6) 66 (11.2) 24 1 (4.2) 3 (12.5) 8 5 (62.5) 5 (62.5) 267 1895 125 13 15
Kawasaki 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
On dialysis 214 12 (5.6) 19 (8.9) 80 7 (8.8) 16 (20.0) 5 1 (20.0) 2 (40.0) 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 22 253 22 1 2
( ), % mortality
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; 1VD one-vessel disease; 2VD two-vessel disease; 3VD three-vessel disease; LMT left main trunk; SVG saphenous vein graft
(b) Off-pump CABG (total;6509)
(Including cases of planned off-pump CABG in which, during surgery, the change is made to an on-pump CABG or on-pump beating-heart procedure)
Primary, elective Primary, emergent Redo, elective Redo, emergent Artery only Artery +svg Svg only Others Unclear
Cases 30 day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 Day mortality Hospital mortality
Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge
1VD 352 2 (0.6) 2 (0.6) 44 3 (6.8) 5 (11.4) 2 3 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 293 71 35 1 1
2VD 860 3 (0.3) 13 (1.5) 112 3 (2.7) 1 (0.9) 4 (3.6) 7 1 (14.3) 1 (14.3) 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 335 606 33 0 6
3VD 2158 15 (0.7) 26 (1.2) 305 6 (2.0) 14 (4.6) 12 1 (8.3) 1 (8.3) 1 468 1931 50 11 16
LMT 2028 17 (0.8) 1 (0.0) 30 (1.5) 513 23 (4.5) 1 (0.2) 30 (5.8) 18 1 (5.6) 1 (5.6) 9 1 (11.1) 1 (11.1) 667 1801 86 5 9
No info 83 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13 1 (7.7) 1 (7.7) 2 2 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 24 63 9 1 3
Total 5481 37 (0.7) 1 (0.0) 71 (1.3) 987 36 (3.6) 2 (0.2) 54 (5.5) 41 3 (7.3) 3 (7.3) 16 4 (25.0) 4 (25.0) 1787 4472 213 18 35
Kawasaki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
On dialysis 556 8 (1.4) 22 (4.0) 90 4 (4.4) 6 (6.7) 7 1 (14.3) 1 (14.3) 5 2 (40.0) 2 (40.0) 174 448 29 2 5
( ), % mortality
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; 1VD one-vessel disease; 2VD two-vessel disease; 3VD three-vessel disease; LMT left main trunk; SVG saphenous vein graft
(c) Cases of conversion, during surgery, from off-pump CABG to on-pump CABG or on- pump beating-heart CABG (these cases are also included in category (b))
Primary, elective Primary, emergent Redo, elective Redo, emergent
Cases 30 Day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 Day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 Day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30 Day mortality Hossspital mortality
Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge
Converted to arrest 21 2 (9.5) 3 0
Converted to beating 102 6 (5.9) 9 (8.8) 39 3 (7.7) 7 (17.9) 6 1 (16.7) 1 (16.7) 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0)
Total 123 6 (4.9) 11 (8.9) 42 3 (7.1) 7 (16.7) 6 1 (16.7) 1 (16.7) 1 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0)
On dialysis 21 2 (9.5) 5 (23.8) 7 1 (14.3) 3 (42.9) 5 1 (20.0) 1 (20.0) 0
( ), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting
(B) Operation for complications of MI (total; 1296)
Chronic Acute Concomitant operation
Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality CABG MVP MVR
Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge
Infarctectomy or Aneurysmectomy 99 6 (6.1) 8 (8.1) 24 8 (33.3) 9 (37.5) 55 25 8
VSP closure 81 9 (11.1) 13 (16.0) 262 68 (26.0) 102 (38.9) 90 4 6
Cardiac rupture 29 7 (24.1) 11 (37.9) 238 78 (32.8) 90 (37.8) 36 2 5
Mitral regurgitation
 (1) Papillary muscle rupture 74 4 (5.4) 4 (5.4) 52 14 (26.9) 19 (36.5) 20 10 56
 (2) Ischemic 216 15 (6.9) 25 (11.6) 42 9 (21.4) 11 (26.2) 171 151 107
Others 78 7 (9.0) 10 (12.8) 101 22 (21.8) 35 (34.7) 72 9 7
Total 577 48 (8.3) 71 (12.3) 719 199 (27.7) 266 (37.0) 444 201 189
( ), % mortality
MI myocardial infarction; CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; MVP mitral valve repair; MVR mitral valve replacement; VSP ventricular septal perforation
Acute, within 2 weeks from the onset of myocardial infarction
(3) Operation for arrhythmia (total;6880 )
Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality Concomitant operation
Isolated Congenital Valve IHD Others Multiple combination
Hospital After discharge 2 categories 3 categories
Maze 3,898 66 (1.7) 1 (0.03) 119 (3.1) 157 169 3,345 636 364 699 61
For WPW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
For ventricular tachyarrhythmia 32 2 (6.3) 3 (9.4) 5 3 12 18 1 8 1
Others 2,950 57 (1.9) 96 (3.3) 85 129 2,500 525 285 533 48
Total 6,880 125 (1.8) 1 (0.01) 218 (3.2) 247 301 5,857 1179 650 1,240 110
( ), % mortality
WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; IHD ischemic heart disease
Except for 247 isolated cases, all remaining 6633 cases are doubly allocated, one for this subgroup and the other for the subgroup corresponding to the concomitant operations
(4) Operation for constrictive pericarditis (total; 191)
CPB (+) CPB (-)
Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality
Hospital After discharge Hospital After discharge
Total 95 4 (4.2) 18 (18.9) 96 1 (1.0) 3 (3.1)
( ), % mortality
CPB cardiopulmonary bypass
(5) Cardiac tumor (total; 704)
Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality Concomitant operation
Hospital After discharge AVR MVR CABG Others
Benign tumor 640 3 (0.5) 32 34 45 143
(Cardiac myxoma) 393 1 (0.3) 13 3 24 72
Malignant tumor 64 2 (3.1) 6 (9.4) 2 4 4 11
(Primary) 43 1 (2.3) 3 (7.0) 2 4 4 10
( ), % mortality
AVR aortic valve replacement; MVR mitral valve replacement; CABG coronary artery bypass grafting
(6) HOCM and DCM (total; 278)
Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality Concomitant operation
Hospital After discharge AVR MVR MVP CABG
Myectomy 130 5 (3.8) 7 (5.4) 56 26 21 21
Myotomy 13 1 1 1 1
No-resection 128 10 (7.8) 1 (0.8) 1 (0.8) 21 74 54 6
Volume reduction surgery of the left ventricle 7 1 (0.4) 1 3 1 2
Total 278 15 (5.4) 8 (2.9) 79 104 77 30
( ), % mortality
HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; DCM dilated cardiomyopathy; AVR aortic valve replacement; MVR mitral valve replacement; MVP mitral valve repair; CABG coronary artery bypass grafting
(7) Other open-heart operation (total; 1229)
Cases 30-day mortality Hospital mortality
Hospital After discharge
Open-heart operation 523 52 (9.9) 1 (0.2) 75 (14.3)
Non-open-heart operation 706 88 (12.5) 120 (17.0)
Total 1229 140 (11.4) 1 (0.1) 195 (15.9)

( ), % mortality