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. 2023 Sep 19;13:15494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42844-1

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Cell viability of chondrocyte cells after 48 h incubation with (A) BNPs and (B) FNPs at various concentrations. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 4). Untreated chondrocyte cell morphology (C) and chondrocyte cell morphology after treatment with BNPs (2000 μg/mL) (D). The effect of cytotoxicity of FNPs on chondrocytes in monolayer culture (E). ****p < 0.0001. NS: not significant.