Table 2.
Baseline demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of the study populations.
| AREDS | AREDS2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants: n | 3029 | 3305 |
| Age (years): mean (SD) | 68.7 (4.9) | 72.9 (7.7) |
| Female: n (%) | 1721 (56.8) | 1908 (57.7) |
| Race: n (%) | ||
| White | 2912 (96.1) | 3211 (97.2) |
| Non-white | 117 (3.9) | 94 (2.8) |
| Education level: n (%) | ||
| High school or less | 935 (30.9) | 962 (29.1) |
| At least some college | 932 (30.8) | 1576 (47.7) |
| Postgraduate | 1160 (38.3) | 709 (21.5) |
| Unknown | 2 (0.1) | 58 (1.8) |
| Smoking status: n (%) | ||
| Never | 1435 (47.4) | 1409 (42.6) |
| Former | 1399 (46.2) | 1666 (50.4) |
| Current | 195 (6.4) | 230 (7.0) |
| History diabetes: n (%) | 231 (7.6) | 2895 (87.6) |
| History hypertension: n (%) | 1046 (34.5) | 1924 (58.2) |
| 3MS score (AREDS) or TICS-M score (AREDS2): mean (SD) | 92.9 (6.3)* | 32.9 (3.5)* |
| Participants with cognitive impairment: n (%) (3MS <80 in AREDS; TICS-M <30 in AREDS2) |
119 (3.9)* | 492 (14.9)* |
| Depression score CES-D > 16: n (%) | 374 (12.3) | 1397 (42.3) |
| Follow-up | ||
| Follow-up time from baseline cognitive test to last cognitive test (years): mean (SD) | - | 6.5 (3.8) |
| Cognitive function testing at 2 years: n (%) | - | 2919 (88.3%) |
| Cognitive function testing at 4 years: n (%) | - | 2589 (78.3%) |
| Cognitive function testing at 10 years: n (%) | - | 1291 (39.1%) |
| Participants with genetic data: n | 2360 | 1517 |
| APOE haplotype: n (%) | ||
| 0 (ε2/ε2 or ε2/ε3) | 382 (16.2) | 281 (18.5) |
| 1 (ε3/ε3, ε2/ε4, or ε1/ε3) | 1541 (65.3) | 954 (62.9) |
| 2 (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) | 436 (18.5) | 282 (18.6) |
AREDS = Age-Related Eye Disease Study; SD = standard deviation; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; TICS-M = Telephone Interview Cognitive Status-Modified; 3MS = Modified Mini-Mental State Examination
*
Cognitive function data are shown at baseline for AREDS2; for AREDS, they are shown at the single time-point of assessment (during follow-up)