HlyU mediated phlyA activation followed by quantitative RT-PCR.A, model of the mechanism of HlyU regulation of the hlyA gene, HlyU DNA dissociation leads to H-NS (green)–mediated repression. B, quantitative RT-PCR performed over a ΔCTX Δfur ΔhapR Vibrio cholerae strain with the addition of Na2S or H2O2. The bar chart shows the fold changes of induction of Vc hlyA after addition of Na2S (red) and H2O2 (blue), with transcript values normalized relative to the transcription level of recA. The values correspond to transcript levels relative to unstressed (UN) (middle sand bar) and are shown as mean ± SD from three replicate cultures. Statistical significance was established using a paired t test relative to UN under the same conditions (∗∗p < 0.01, ∗p < 0.05). Lines on the top of the chart show statistical significance relative to ΔCTX Δfur ΔhapR V. cholerae mutant strain UN.