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. 2023 Jan 3;73(5):659–666. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.12.001

Table 4.

Mann-Whitney U test showing the difference in the DREEM scale and subscales between preclinical and clinical students at each university.

Damascus University
Hama University
Tishreen University
Total
Preclinical (n = 325) Clinical (n = 325) Preclinical (n = 157) Clinical (n = 152) Preclinical (n = 138) Clinical (n = 105) Preclinical (n = 620) Clinical (n = 582)
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD P Mean ± SD Mean ± SD P Mean ± SD Mean ± SD P Mean ± SD Mean ± SD P
SPL (max. 48) 25.3 ± 7.7 21.7 ± 7.5 <.001 27.4 ± 8.3 23.7 ± 8.9 <.001 25.9 ± 9.1 23.0 ± 8.6 .010 26.03 ± 8.2 22.53 ± 8.1 <.001
SPT (max. 44) 27.3 ± 7.5 25.1 ± 7.6 <.001 28.6 ± 8.9 26.8 ± 8.8 .130 26.9 ± 8.5 25.7 ± 8.0 .300 27.5 ± 8.1 25.7 ± 8.0 <.001
ASP (max. 32) 18.3 ± 5.9 18.4 ± 5.8 .890 19.5 ± 6.6 19.6 ± 6.9 .803 19.4 ± 6.6 20.0 ± 7.2 .464 18.9 ± 6.2 19.0 ± 6.4 .676
SPA (max. 48) 26.7 ± 9.1 22.3 ± 8.5 <.001 28.5 ± 10.0 24.9 ± 10.2 .003 27.6 ± 9.9 23.4 ± 10.7 .001 27.3 ± 9.5 23.2 ± 9.4 <.001
SSP (max. 28) 13.6 ± 4.6 12.7 ± 4.4 .019 13.9 ± 4.6 13.1 ± 5.0 .193 14.7 ± 5.1 14.4 ± 4.9 .896 13.9 ± 4.8 13.16 ± 4.7 .009
DREEM (max. 200) 111.4 ± 28.4 100.5 ± 27.5 <.001 118.1 ± 33.6 108.2 ± 34.6 .017 114.7 ± 34.8 106.7 ± 33.3 .066 113.8 ± 31.4 108.9 ± 31.5 <.001

Bold cells indicate a value of negative interpretation.

ASP, students’ academic self-perception; DREEM, Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure; SPA, students’ perception of the atmosphere; SPL, students’ perception of learning; SPT, students’ perception of teachers; SSP, students’ social self-perception.