. 2023 Jul 25;14(5):1197–1210. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.004

TABLE 3.

Coverage estimates for wheat flour, vegetable oil, maize flour, rice and sugar among countries with mandatory food fortification legislation by subgroup

Food/group	Subgroup	N_{countries mandatory}²	Coverage indicator¹
			Household consumes the food		Household consumes the fortifiable food		Household consumes the fortified food		Household consumes the adequately fortified food
			N_{countries with data}³	% (95% CI)	N_{countries with data}³	% (95% CI)	N_{countries with data}³	% (95% CI)	N_{countries with data}³	% (95% CI)
Wheat flour
Total		91	15	77.4 (64.7, 90.1)	8	61.6 (41.6, 81.6)	10	47.1 (26.0, 68.2)	5	34.9 (27.8, 42.0)
Residence	Urban	91	10	67.4 (46.4, 88.4)	7	71.9 (53.5, 90.3)	6	49.3 (28.2, 70.5)	4	23.2 (12.9, 33.6)
	Rural	91	9⁴	57.7 (32.1, 83.3)	7	53.4 (29.6, 77.1)	6	35.7 (13.0, 58.4)	4	21.7 (5.9, 37.5)
Vegetable oil
Total		32	10	87.0 (76.8, 97.1)	7	86.7 (71.7, 100.0)⁵	5	40.1 (28.9, 51.2)	2	33.7 (0.0, 76.5)⁵
Maize flourv
Total		19	5	66.8 (36.7, 96.8)	2	38.7 (32.8, 44.6)	3	33.5 (0.0, 90.27)⁵	0	—
Rice
Total		7	2	80.8 (51.8, 100.0)⁵	1	95.6 (95.0, 96.2)	1	95.6 (95.0, 96.2)	0	—
Sugar
Total		12	2	68.6 (58.7, 78.6)	0	—	2	67.7 (12.0, 100.0)⁵	3	51.3 (19.7, 82.8)

Coverage indicators were defined as the proportion of households consuming the: 1) food (in any form), 2) fortifiable food (that is, industrially or centrally processed), 3) fortified food (that is, fortified to any extent), and 4) adequately fortified food (that is, fortified in accordance with national or international fortification standards).

Total number of countries with mandatory food fortification legislation as of June 2021 in total or by subgroup.

Total number of countries with mandatory food fortification legislation as of June 2021 and coverage data collected between 2010 and 2021.

⁴

For 1 country (Mozambique), only urban data were available.

⁵

The upper limit of the 95% CI was capped at 100%, and the lower limit was capped at 0.0%.