TABLE 5.
Fitted coefficients from mixed effects meta-regression of national-level factors associated with the household coverage of fortified salt
| Variables | National model (n = 69)1 |
Urban or rural model (n = 96)1 |
Income group model (n = 230)1 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | (95% CI) | Coefficient | (95% CI) | Coefficient | (95% CI) | |
| Urban | — | — | Reference | — | — | |
| Rural | — | — | −4.08 | (−11.18, 3.01) | — | — |
| Socioeconomic status 1 (poorest) | — | — | — | — | −11.07∗∗ | (−18.67, −3.47) |
| Socioeconomic status 2 | — | — | — | — | −7.43 | (−15.03, 0.16) |
| Socioeconomic status 3 (middle) | — | — | — | — | −4.62 | (−12.22, 2.98) |
| Socioeconomic status 4 | — | — | — | — | −2.27 | (−9.86, 5.33) |
| Socioeconomic status 5 (wealthiest) | — | — | — | — | Reference | |
| Year salt iodization was made mandatory | −0.19 | (−0.61, 0.22) | −0.82∗∗ | (−1.31, −0.39) | −0.97∗∗∗ | (−1.31, −0.64) |
| Voice and Accountability Index | −2.38 | (−10.62, 5.87) | −7.07 | (−11.83, 3.33) | −5.13∗ | (−10.13, −0.13) |
| Government Effectiveness Index | 15.45∗ | (0.19, 30.71) | 14.29∗ | (−1.55, 24.47) | 15.40∗∗∗ | (6.4, 24.39) |
| Percent of national population living in urban areas | −0.15 | (−0.48, 0.18) | — | (−0.6, −0.04) | −0.17 | (−0.37, 0.03) |
| Gini index | 0.06 | (−0.55, 0.67) | 0.05 | (−0.47, 0.49) | −0.04 | (−0.36, 0.27) |
| Natural Log of gross domestic product per capita | 5.49 | (−3.54, 14.52) | −1.14 | (−4.48, 11.59) | −1.02 | (−7.14, 5.1) |
| Number of supermarkets per 100,000 population | −0.21 | (−2.2, 1.77) | −0.53 | (−2.86, 1.75) | −0.16 | (−1.72, 1.4) |
| Ease of doing business index | 0.04 | (−0.12, 0.2) | −0.02 | (−0.13, 0.13) | −0.01 | (−0.1, 0.08) |
| Official development assistance per capita | 0.01 | (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.04 | (−0.06, 0.11) | 0.03 | (−0.03, 0.08) |
| Intercept | 426.57 | (−416.33, 1269.47) | 1731.57∗∗∗ | (831.35, 2695.75) | 2048.84∗∗∗ | (1372.77, 2724.92) |
| R2 | 22.9% | 27.6% | 30.2% | |||
∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ represent P values <0.05, <0.01, and <0.001, respectively.
1
Three regressions were fitted using household coverage of fortified salt (%) for 1) an entire country, 2) urban and rural areas within each country, and 3) household wealth quintiles (that is, socioeconomic status) within each country.